respiratory problems

Question 1

Interstitial Lung Disease ((Diffuse Lung fibrosis / diffuse pulmonary fibrosis)

Answer 1

,

Question 2

emphysema

Answer 2

Emphysema is a feature of (COPD).

90% of cases of COPD are caused by smoking.

The host response to inhaled cigarette smoke results in the breakdown of elastin fibres and alveolar walls.

Question 3

Causes of interstitial lung disease

Answer 3

Question 4

pneumothorax, what causes air to come in?

Answer 4

,A pneumothorax refers to a collection of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung on the affected side

Bc intrapleaural pressure is NEGATIVE, this forces atm air to come in & destroys the pleural seal, the ST btw the molecules of the plueal fluid r now gone and there is no force to pull the lung outward!> lung wants to collpase

Question 5

COPD

Answer 5

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Question 6

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn

• symptoms
• treatment

Answer 6

is a condition usually seen in premature babies, particularly those less than 30 weeks old, due to the lack of surfactant.

Babies have signs of respiratory distress (cyanosis, grunting, intercostal and subcostal recession).

 The treatment of RDS includes surfactant replacement via an endotracheal tube, and supportive treatment with oxygen and assisted ventilation.

Question 7

Atelectasis (types)

Answer 7

Atelectasis (lung collapse) refers either to incomplete expansion of the lungs (neonatal atelectasis) or to the collapse of previously inflated lung, producing areas of relatively airless pulmonary parenchyma.

The main types of acquired atelectasis, which is encountered principally in adults:

1. Compression atelectasis results whenever air (pneumothorax) or fluid (pleural effusion) accumulate within the pleural cavity.
2. Resorption atelectasis stems from complete obstruction of an airway. Over time, air is resorbed from the alveoli, which collapse. Causes include bronchial carcinoma”