Respiratory physiology 6

Question 1

What are the two types of control for respiration?

Answer 1

Chemical control

Neural control

Question 2

What is the neural control of respiration and some characteristics?

Answer 2

Has a certain rhythm for inspiration followed by expiration.
If above medulla, normal ventilation will occur.
If below medulla, ventilation ceases.
Medulla is the major rhythm centre in the body.

Question 3

What is the chemical control of respiration and some characteristics?

Answer 3

Part of the autonomic (involuntary) part of breathing.
This mechanism is part of the bodies homeostasis to maintain the appropriate balance and concentration within the body.
Is an example of a negative feedback system (a reaction that responds to a stimulus resulting in a decrease in function).

Question 4

What gives arise to respiration?

Answer 4

Rhythm generated by pre - botzinger complex (network of neurons).
Excites/stimulates dorsal respiratory group.
Fires in bursts (firing off neurons).
Firing off neurones leads to contraction of inspiratory muscles.

Question 5

What respiratory centres are influenced by stimuli?

Answer 5

Higher brain centres e.g. hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.
Stretch receptors in walls of bronchi and bronchioles.
Joint receptors e.g. joints.
Baroreceptors - increases ventilation in response to decreased blood pressure.

Question 6

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 6

Receptors within the body responsible for the regulation of respiratory activity.
The two types are central and peripheral chemoreceptors.

Question 7

Peripheral chemoreceptors are responsible for detecting the change in pH of the spinal fluid. True/False

Answer 7

False
Peripheral chemoreceptors are extensions of the central nervous system and respond to a change in blood molecule concentration.

Question 8

Why might ventilation increase during exercise?

Answer 8

Reflexes from body movement
Impulses from cerebral cortex
Release of adrenaline
Increase in body temperature

Question 9

_______ become depressed when the body is in a state of ______ .

Answer 9

nuerons

hypoxia

Question 10

What is the cause of hypoxia at high altitudes?

Answer 10

Decrease in partial pressure of inspired oxygen.

Question 11

Acute responses of _____ at high altitudes includes _______ and increased ______ _______ .

Answer 11

hypoxia
hyperventilation
cardiac output

Question 12

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 respiratory disease?

Answer 12

Type 1 - shortage of oxygen.
Type 2 - shortage of oxygen and too much carbon dioxide.
All diseases that cause type 2 also cause type 1.