Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
To cover specific items from the Hall Anesthesia review book
What is the effect of cyanide toxicity on the MvO2?
It elevates the MvO2
What clinical signs are associated with sodium nitroprusside infusion related cyanide toxicity?
metabolic acidosis and resistance to the hypotensive effects of the drug
What is the concern of nitroprusside administration in a patient with renal failure?
Thiocyanate toxicity
FRC is composed of…
ERV + residual volume
Postop maximization of FRC reduces the incidence of
atelectasis, hypoxemia, and pneumonia
How do you calculate PVR?
(meanPAP - PCWP)/CO x 80
What is the normal range for PVR?
50 to 150 dynes-sec-(cm to the negative 5th power)
Patients with h/o MI are likely to have another MI on what postoperative day?
Third postop day (for unknown reasons)
What is the formula for BMI?
kg/(meters squared)
Cardiac output increases by how many L/min per kilogram of adipose tissue?
0.1L/min
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio is
0.75 - 0.85
What is the FEV1/FVC ratio in mild, moderate, and severe obstructive airway disease?
Mild < 0.7, Mod < 0.6, Severe <0.5
What is multifocal atrial tachycardia?
Non-reentrant, ectopic atrial rhythm often seen in COPD.
How does multifocal atrial tachycardia differ from atrial fibrillation/flutter/paroxysmal SVT?
It lacks a reentrant mechanism meaning that DC cardioversion won’t work.
During the first minute of apnea the PaCO2 will rise by…? And each minute thereafter?
6mmHg in the first minute, 3 - 4 mmHg each minute thereafter
How does TPN affect work of breathing?
TPN increases work of breathing due to increased CO2 production.
What sort of acidosis is associated with TPN?
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 2/2 HCl formation from amino acid metabolism
Do TPN electrolyte disturbances involve elevated or decreased levels?
Generally, decreased levels.
What is O2 requirement for an adult in mL/kg/min?
3 - 4 mL/kg/min
What is O2 requirement for a newborn in mL/kg/min?
7 - 9 mL/kg/min
How does alveolar ventilation in neonates compare to that of adults
Neonatal alveolar ventilation is double that of adults
How does tidal volume of a neonate compare to that of an adult?
On a per kg basis, neonatal tidal volume is similar (7 mL/kg) to that of an adult.
What is a normal adult tidal volume?
6 - 8 mL/kg
What is a normal adult vital capacity?
60 - 70 mL/kg
