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Board Certification > Physics, Math, Anesthesia > Flashcards

Physics, Math, Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Calculate the change in volume due to NO2 in a N2 filled space.

A

%change = FiNO2 in alveoli/(1 - FiNO2 in alveoli)

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2
Q

What are the saturated vapor pressures of halothane and isoflurane at 20 degrees celsius?

A

Halothane = 243mmHg

Isoflurane =238 mmHg

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3
Q

What is macroshock?

A

60-Hz current in excess of 1 mA

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4
Q

What current is the threshold of perception?

A

1 mA

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5
Q

What is microshock?

A

A small current applied directly to the heart.

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6
Q

What size current will induce VFib when applied directly to the heart?

A

100 micro amperes

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7
Q

What prevents a positive pressure check from detecting a leak in some anesthesia machines?

A

A check valve that prevents the pumping effect in vaporizers also prevents back pressure from detecting a leak.

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8
Q

How does one calculate the variance of a population or sample?

A

Sum of squares of each individual value minus the sample mean divided by the number of samples minus 1. The square root of this is the standard deviation.

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9
Q

What is the pressure at the O2 flush valve?

A

The line pressure is 45 - 55 psig which corresponds usually to a flow rate of 35 - 75L/min

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10
Q

Where is the dead space in a properly functioning circle system?

A

Assuming functioning unidirectional valves, the dead space is distal to the point of inspiratory and expiratory gas mixing at the Y-piece.

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11
Q

Soda lime exhaustion using ethyl violet as an indicator appears how?

A

Change of color from white to purple when exposed to carbonic acid.

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12
Q

How does soda lime exhaustion manifest with dye indicator mimosa 2?

A

There will be a color change from pink to white.

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13
Q

How will a capnograph change in the setting of soda lime exhaustion?

A

The baseline CO2 will increase above zero.

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14
Q

Which is greater, the rate of rise of Fa/Fi for NO2 or for desflurane?

A

It is greater for NO2 due to the concentration effect despite a very similar blood/gas partition coefficient.

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15
Q

What is the recommended maximum allowable 60-Hz leakage current?

A

10 microamps

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16
Q

What is the vapor pressure of desflurane at 20 degrees celsius?

A

664 mmHg

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17
Q

How does the volume delivered per jet ventilation puff compare to the volume of anatomic dead space?

A

The volume delivered per puff is actually less than anatomic dead space but a cone-shaped wedge of this fresh gas reaches the alveoli.

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18
Q

In a sitting patient, what external anatomical landmark corresponds to the level of the circle of Willis?

A

The auditory meatus.

19
Q

What are the implications of a right to left shunt for inhaled anesthetic uptake?

A

Slower inhalation induction. The least soluble volatile agents will be affected most. The alveolar concentration may rise more quickly.

20
Q

What is the ideal humidity in an anesthetic circuit?

A

28 - 32 mg H2O/L gas (absolute humidity) or roughly 50 - 75% saturated at 37 degrees celsius.

21
Q

What can a decrease in alveolar relative humidity cause?

A

Mucous plugging, loss of ciliary function, increased airway resistance, atelectasis.

22
Q

What is the capacity of an E cylinder of O2?

A

625 - 700L at 1800 - 2200 psi at 20 degrees celsius

23
Q

What is the capacity of an E cylinder of N2?

A

625 - 700L at 1800 -2200 psi at 20 degrees celsius.

24
Q

What is the capacity of an E cylinder of air?

A

625 - 700 L at 1800 - 2200 psi at 20 degrees celsius.

25
Q

What is the capacity of an E cylinder of nitrous oxide?

A

1590L at 745 psi at 20 degrees celsius. The cylinder is 75% empty before the pressure changes.

26
Q

Rank the mapleson circuits in order of efficiency during spontaneous ventilation.

A

ADECB (All DoggiEs Can Bite)

27
Q

Rank the mapleson circuits in order of efficiency during controlled ventilation.

A

DEBCA (DEad Bodies Can’t Argue)

28
Q

What is Poiseulle’s law?

A

Resistance = 8NL / (pi * R to the fourth)

29
Q

What is the formula for Reynold’s number?

A

Reynold’s number = 2rvd/N (where r = radius, v = average velocity, d = density, N = viscosity)

30
Q

What value of Reynold’s number is the upper threshold for laminar flow?

A
  1. Numbers below this are consistent with laminar flow.
31
Q

What value of Reynold’s number is the lower threshold for turbulent flow?

A
  1. Numbers above this are consistent with turbulent flow.
32
Q

True or false: When the blood:gass partition coefficient of an anesthetic 2.0, 1cc of blood containes two times more anesthetic molecules than 1cc of alveolar gas, at equilibrium.

A

True.

33
Q

By how much does MAC decrease per centigrade decrease in core body temperature?

A

5 - 7% decrease in MAC per degree centigrade decrease.

34
Q

Does a decrease in body temperature correspond to an increase in inhalational induction speed (due to the decrease in MAC at lower body temperatures?)

A

No. There is an increase in blood solubility and a decrease in cardiac output at lower temperatures.

35
Q

At what age is MAC highest?

A

6 months of age

36
Q

By how much does MAC decrease per decade after 40 years of age?

A

It decreases by 4 - 5% per decade after age 40.

37
Q

How does hypernatremia affect MAC? How about HYPOnatremia?

A

Hypernatremia increase MAC; HYPOnatremia decreases MAC.

38
Q

How does hyperkalemia affect MAC? How about HYPOkalemia?

A

Potassium levels do NOT affect MAC.

39
Q

How does the duration of anesthesia affect MAC?

A

It does not affect MAC.

40
Q

How does gender alone affect MAC?

A

It does not affect MAC

41
Q

How does type of surgical stimulation affect MAC?

A

It does not affect MAC.

42
Q

How do changes in PaCO2 levels affect MAC?

A

It does not affect MAC

43
Q

How does metabolic acid-base status affect MAC?

A

It does not affect MAC.

44
Q

How do magnesium levels affect MAC?

A

Magnesium levels do not affect MAC.

Board Certification (2 decks)

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