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Medsoc teaches > Respiratory-physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory-physiology Flashcards

1
Q

FEV1

A

FEV1=max volume of air exhaled in 1 second.reduced with obstruction and restriction

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2
Q

FVC

A

total volume exhaled after full inhalation.Reduced w/ restriction

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3
Q

Peak flow

A

measured with a peak flow meter, simple test of OBSTRUCTION =used to test asthma control

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4
Q

resistance

A

ease which gas flows through conducting airways

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5
Q

compliance

A

expandability of lungs and chest wall

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6
Q

Obstructive disease

A

Dx: FEV1:FVC ratio<75%
Asthma:obstruction=narrowed airways due to bronchoconstriction
COPD:chronic airway and lung damage

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7
Q

how do you tell the difference between COPD and asthma?

A

-test for reversibility, give bronchodilator(salbutamol) obstruction reversed in asthma but not COPD

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8
Q

restrictive disease

A 
FEV1 and FVC equally reduced
FEV1:FVC ratio is the same 
causes:
interstitial lung disease
neurological eg motor neurone disease
scoliosis or chest deformity 
obesity
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9
Q

mixed obstructive/restrictive disease

A
  • inspiration limited by restrictive disease
  • expiration limited by airway obstruction
  • very uncommon clinically
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10
Q

severe COPD

A
  • hyperinflation limits inspiration

- airway closure limits expiration

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11
Q

asthma(juvenile)

A

-volumes and capacities unchanged, but flow rate to achieve them is reduced

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12
Q

lung volume averages

A 
tidal volume-500mL
inspiratory reserve vol -2.5L
expiratory reserve volume-1.5L
residual vol -1.5L
total lung capacity-6L
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13
Q

surfactant

A
  • lipoprotein
  • secreted by type ii alveolar cells
  • production increases markedly after 34 weeks
  • increases compliance
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14
Q

several hormones stimulate surfactant production…

A
  • cortisol(most important)
  • thyroxine
  • prolactin
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15
Q

surfactant clinical importance

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome=>premature birth<32 weeks give corticosteroids

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16
Q

type I pneumocyte

A

gas exchange, squamous cells, site of gas exchange

17
Q

type II pneumocyte

A

secrete surfactant into alveoli -changes surface tension in alveoli preventing collapse of the alveoli hence increasing compliance

18
Q

dust cells

A

(macrophages in the lungs) immune response

19
Q

cartilage

A

keep airways open in normal respiration

20
Q

V/Q matching

A
  • greater perfusion and ventilation at bottom of the lungs

- maximises gas exchange across the alveoli

21
Q

pulmonary shunt

A

ventilation is cut off in the lung so blood gets no oxygen so V/Q ration=0

22
Q

dead space

A

blood supply to alveoli are cut off so V/Q ration is high

23
Q

Type 1 hypersense

A

-exogenous
-IgE
-eosinophils
allergic asthma, hay fever

24
Q

type II hypersensitivity

A

-exogenous
-IgG,IgM
-antibody and complement
haemolytic d, graves disease, myasthenia gravis

25
Q

type III hypersensitivity

A

-cell surface
-IgG,IgM
-complement and neutrophils
systemic lupus, erythematous

26
Q

type IV hypersensitivity

A

-cell mediated
-monocytes and lymphocytes
-T cell mediated
multiple sclerosis,type 1 diabetes,IBS,psoariasis

27
Q

Down’s syndrome

A 
non-disjunction
trisomy 21
single palmar crease
low IQ
alzheimers
cardiac problems
28
Q

Edward’s syndrome

A 
non-disjunction
trisomy 18
small head
low ears
heart problems 
low birth weight
29
Q

Patau’s syndrome

A 
non-disjunction
trisomy 13
cleft lip/palate 
small eyes or absence of eyes
abdominal problems
30
Q

Emanuel syndrome

A

translocation of 22/11 chromosome
decreased muscle tone
low IQ<small></small>

31
Q

Wolf-hirschonn syndrome

A 
deletions in chromosome 4
broad flat nasal bridge
high forehead
protruding eyes 
poorly formed ears
small philtrum
32
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A 
deletion of chromosome 22
small head, low nasal bridge
flat mid face
thin upper lip 
short nose 
smooth philtrum
33
Q

cri-du-chat syndrome

A 
deletions in chromosome 5
high pitched cry
downward slanting eyes
delayed growth 
webbing fingers
low birth weight
34
Q

Turner syndrome

A 
missing X chromosome 
female only
webbed neck 
short stature
infertility
heart problems
35
Q

where does stridor result from

A

the larynx and trachea

36
Q

which antibody class binds to the Fc receptors on basophils to mediate type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE

37
Q

how does the secretion of surfactant by type II pneumocystis help to make the work of breathing easier ?

A

increases compliance

38
Q

you’re on a ward and a really educated patient comes in and tells you that he has an alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency .what does this mean ?

A

-he is suffering from hyperinflation of the lungs
Alpha 1 antitrypsin usually stops elastin in the lungs being broken down by proteases.Therefore a deficiency means elastin is broken down and so lungs can’t inflate and come down.

Medsoc teaches (9 decks)

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