Respiratory Physiology 1

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• Gas exchange (oxygen added to the blood from the air, carbon dioxide removed from the blood into the air.
• Acid base balance - regulation of body pH
• Protection from infection
• Communication via speech

Question 2

What links the Respiratory and CV systems?

Answer 2

Gas Exchange

Question 3

WHAT IS CELLULAR/INTERNAL RESPIRATION?

Answer 3

(A biochemical) process that releases energy from glucose either via Glycolysis or Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Question 4

What does oxidative phosphorylation require and depend upon?

Answer 4

Requires OXYGEN
Depends on EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

Question 5

WHAT IS EXTRERNAL RESPIRATION?

Answer 5

Movement of gases between the air and the body’s cells, via both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Question 6

PULMONARY VS SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Answer 6

The pulmonary circulation is opposite to the systemic circulation in it’s function and it’s terminology

Question 7

What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 7

Delivers CO2 and collects O2 from the lungs

Question 8

What is the function of the SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?

Answer 8

Delivers O2 to peripheral tissues and collects CO2

Question 9

What is the function of PULMONARY ARTERY

Answer 9

Carries DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

Question 10

What is the function of the PULMONARY VEIN?

Answer 10

Carries OXYGENATED BLOOD

Question 11

WHAT DOES AN INCREASE IN ENERGY DEMANDED BY WORKING MUSCLES LEAD TO in relation to PULMONARY VEIN ?

Answer 11

Increased rate and depth of breathing speeds up:
- Substrate (O2) acquisition
- Waste disposal (CO2)

Question 12

WHAT DOES AN INCREASE IN ENERGY DEMANDED BY WORKING MUSCLES LEAD TO in relation to PULMONARY ARTERY?

Answer 12

Increased heart rate and force of contraction speeds up:
- Substrate delivery to muscle via blood
- Waste removal via blood

Question 13

HOW IS SUPPLY = DEMAND ENSURED?

Answer 13

By preventing gas build up in the circulation (net volume of gas exchanged in the lungs per unit time = net volume exchanged in the tissue)

Question 14

What are the 7 main anatomical features of the airways?

Answer 14

• Nose
• Pharynx(throat)
• Epiglottis - small flap of tissue folds over trachea and prevents food from entering it when you swallow
• Larynx(voice box) - contains vocal chords
• Trachea - made up of stiff rings of cartilage that support and connect
• Bronchus - leads to lungs (right and left bronchi)
• Lung

Question 15

UPPER RESPIRATOEY TRACT =

Answer 15

ANYTHING ABOVE LARYNX

Question 16

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT =

Answer 16

ANYTHING BELOW LARYNX

Question 17

Where is the point of gas exchange in lungs?

Answer 17

Alveoli! Due to their very thin surface

Question 18

How can resistance to airflow be altered?

Answer 18

By activity of bronchial smooth muscle

Contraction decreases airway diameter = increases resistance relaxation increases diameter = decreases resistance

Question 19

BRANCHING OF AIRWAYS

Answer 19

The trachea branches in to two bronchi, one to each lung

Each bronchus branches 22 more times, finally terminating in a cluster of alveoli

Question 20

PRIMARY bronchi =

Answer 20

go to each lung

Question 21

SECONDARY bronchi =

Answer 21

go to each lobe

Question 22

TERTIARY bronchi =

Answer 22

go to the pulmonary segments

Question 23

TERMINATES into?

Answer 23

Alveoli sac

Question 24

How many lobes does the RIGHT lung conrain?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

How many lobes does the LEFT lung contain?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Aspirated foreign bodies most common where?

Answer 26

Right bronchi due to width and angle