Respiratory Pharmacology Ritter Flashcards
What are the three phases of asthma following exposure to antigen?
Immediate: release of mediators
Early: activation of phospholipases to make leukotrienes and PGs
Late: increased synthesis and release of cytokines and chemokines
Which class of drug is the most effective long-term treatment for asthma?
ICS
What is the MOA for corticosteroids?
decreases synthesis of cytokines and chemokines to inhibit accumulation of basophils, eosinophils and other leukotrienes
Which drug is the most effective drug for acute exacerbations when response to beta agonists is incomplete?
Methylprednisolone
What are LABAs recommended for?
Add-on therapy for ICS when ICS does not completely control symptoms
What does the FDA say about LABAs?
Should discontinue once asthma is controlled
If you cant take LABAs, (nor SABA) what can you take?
Leukotriene modifiers
What are LT modifiers used for?
Alternatives to low dose ICS for mild persistent asthma
Not really for acute symptoms (less effective than ICS)
tiotropium vs ipratropium which one is short acting?
ipratropium
What are anticholinergics used for?
COPD or rescue therapy
What is the MOA of theophylline? What else is unique about theophylline?
When can it be used?
Bronchodilator (inhibits breakdown of cAMP by PDE inhibition)
It has a narrow therapeutic window\
used alone or in comb. with ICS for asthma
What is Ruflumilast? It’s MOA? When would you use it?
It is a PDE4 inhibitor which reduces release of cytokines and chemokines by activated cells
You use it in severe COPD patients with history of chronic bronchitis
Which class of drugs are good cough suppressants?
narcotics:
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Non-narcotics:
Dextromethorphan
Benzonatate
Can benzonatate be chewed?
No, this will result in rapid absorption and result in overdose
What are some drugs that are used for CF?
Dornase alpha (mucolytic) Ivacaftor (CFTR potentiators for CF)
