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Respiratory > Respiratory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic fibres found

A

In the brainstem

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2
Q

Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic fibres found?

A

Embedded in walls of bronchi and bronchioles

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3
Q

What does stimulation of postganglionic CHOLINERGIC fibres cause?

A
  1. bronchial smooth muscle contraction

2. Increased mucus secretion

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4
Q

What does stimulation of postganglionic NON-CHOLINERGIC fibres cause?

A

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

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5
Q

Where are the M3 muscarine ACh receptors which mediate smooth muscle contraction located?

A

Airway smooth muscle cells

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6
Q

Where are the M3 muscarine ACh receptors which mediate mucus secretion located?

A

gland/ goblet cells

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7
Q

What mediates bronchial smooth muscle relaxation in parasympathetic division?

A

NO and VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

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8
Q

Sympathetic stimulation causes… (4 things)

A
  1. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
  2. Decreased mucus secretion
  3. Increased mucociliary clearance
  4. Vascular smooth muscle contraction
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9
Q

What mediates bronchial smooth muscle relaxation in sympathetic division?

A

B2-ADR on ASM cells (activated by adrenaline from adrenal glands)

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10
Q

What mediates vascular smooth muscle relaxation in sympathetic division?

A

A1-ADR on VSM cells

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11
Q

What mediates mucus secretion in sympathetic division?

A

B2-ADR on gland/ goblet cells

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12
Q

What mediates mucociliary clearance in sympathetic division?

A

B2-ADR on epithelial cells

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13
Q

Mucociliary escalator

A

Sweeps invading particles up towards oropharynx

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14
Q

Causes of asthma attacks

A

Allergens
Exercise (cold, dry air)
Resp infections
Smoke, dust etc.

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15
Q

Asthma

A

Recurrent, reversible obstruction to airways in response to substances that would not affect normal people

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16
Q

Pathological changes to bronchioles in asthma

A

Increased smooth muscle mass (hypertrophy and hyperplasia)
Oedema
Increased mucus secretion
Exposed sensory nerve endings due to epithelial damage
Sub-epithelial fibrosis

17
Q

Cause of bronchial hyper responsiveness in asthma

A

Epithelial damage

18
Q

2 phases of an asthma attack

A

Immediate (mainly bronchospasm; also acute inflammation)

Delayed (bronchospasm and delayed inflammation)

Respiratory (10 decks)

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