Respiratory Pharmacology

Question 1

Difference between agonist and antagonist

Answer 1

-agonist= activates a receptor response
-antagonist= blocks a receptor response

Question 2

Drugs that control airway inflammation

Answer 2

Corticosteroids

-supress inflammatory reactions that trigger bronchospasms, oedema and mucous hypersecretion

Question 3

Corticosteroids

Answer 3

-do not alter ultimate course of disease

-used for patients with asthma or COPD

-USE: 2x a day
-andministered with tablets, nebuliser or inhaler

Question 4

Corticosteroids side effects

Answer 4

-hoarseness and oral candidiasis
-inhaled corticosteroids predispose to cataracts, skIn bruising and osteoporosis
-systemic corticosteroids contribute to osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, muscle dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency

Question 5

Implications of corticosteroids in PT

Answer 5

-pt to rinse mouth after taking the drug
-if pt is diagnosed with osteoporosis, take precaution with MCTT

Question 6

Drugs that facilitate airway bronchodilation

Answer 6

-B2-agonst bronchodilators
-anticholinergic bronchodilators
-xanthines

Question 7

B2-agonist bronchodilators

Answer 7

-stimulate B2-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
-onset=7min
-peak effect=20min
duraction of action=4-7hrs
-only provides symptomatic relief
there is short-acting and long-acting
administered with inhaler or nebuliser

Question 8

iImplications of B2-agonists for PT

Answer 8

-tremor, tachycardia and agitation

Question 9

Anticholinergic bronchodilator

Answer 9

-blocks effects of Ach on ANS
-onset= 30-45 mins
administered with inhaler/nebuliser

Question 10

Implications of anticholinergics for PT

Answer 10

-dry mouth which can make expectoration of secretions more difficult
-unpleasant taste in mouth

Question 11

Xanthines

Answer 11

-brochodilates, reduce inflammation, boost immunity, improve gas exchange and lung function
-administered with IV/tablets

Question 12

Implications of Xanthines for PT

Answer 12

-Immediate side effects- headache, nausea and vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias and tachycardia
-Long term side effects- gastric ulcer formation and insomnia
-Unpleasant taste in mouth

Question 13

Drugs that facilitate secretion clearance

Answer 13

Mucolytics

mobilises secretions to allow for clearance

Question 14

Mucolytics

Answer 14

-Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) humidifies mucocilia and enhance clearance of viscous secretion (no side effects)
-Mistabron/Mesna thins secretion, dilute saline (1:3). may cause bronchoconstriction.
-Hypertonic saline (3-5% NaCl) for sputum induction or clear thick secretion in cystic fibrosis
-pulmozyme is use once every 24hrs for pts with cystic fibrosis
-carbocisteine
-ACC-200 is an effervescent tablet that clear secretion (taken with water)
- all above except ACC-200 administered via nebuliser

Question 15

Implications of mucolytics for PT

Answer 15

-Hypertonic saline increase brochospasm in prone patients
-Carbocisteine cause gastro-intestinal bleeding over time