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Cell Path II > Respiratory Pathology > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is bronchitis usually caused by

A

viruses eg RSV

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2
Q

what is pneumonia

A

alveolar inflammation, infection of distal airways and alveoli with formation of inflammatory exudate

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3
Q

is pneumonia usually viral or bacterial

A

bacterial

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of pneumonia

A

bronchopneumonia - bronchi
lobar pneumonia - whole or partial lobe

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5
Q

who does bronchopneumonia primarily infect

A

elderly, cancer patients, infants

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6
Q

who does lobar pneumonia primarily infect

A

healthy adults btwn 20-50

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7
Q

pathogens that cause bronchopneumonia

A

staph, strep, influenzae, SARS COV2

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8
Q

pathogen that causes lobar pneumonia

A

strep pneumoniae

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9
Q

type of inflammation in TB

A

granulomatous and caseation

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10
Q

what is miliary TB

A

drainage of caseous node into pulmonary vein resulting in systemic spread to kidneys, liver, spleen

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11
Q

what are the obstructive airway diseases

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma

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12
Q

what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

A

combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, associated with heavy cigarette smoking

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13
Q

causes of chronic bronchitis

A

irritation by inhaled substances - tobacco, grain, cotton, silica dust
bacterial and viral infections

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14
Q

how is emphysema characterised

A

abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole accompanied by the destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis

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15
Q

when do clinical manifestations of emphysema appear

A

when 1/3 of the functioning pulmonary parenchyma is damaged
dyspnea, cough, purulent cough

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16
Q

what is asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough
bronchoconstriction and hypertrophy of smooth muscle

17
Q

what is extrinsic asthma

A

type I IgE hypersensitivity
begins in childhood - family history
environmental allergens

18
Q

what is intrinsic asthma

A

non immune mechanism, adults, no family history
respiratory tract infections - viruses

19
Q

most common type of lung tumour

A

carcinomas -90%
squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

who are most effected by adenocarcinomas

A

women and non smokers

21
Q

what is the most aggressive of lung tumours

A

small cell carcinoma - metastasize widely and virtually incurable by surgical means

Cell Path II (7 decks)

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