Renal Pathology

Question 1

4 causes of acute kidney injury

Answer 1

1. acute tubular necrosis
2. glomerular disease
3. vascular disease
4. acute drug induced allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 2

indications of chronic renal failure

Answer 2

build up of fluid and waste product - serum creatinine and urea

Question 3

causes of chronic renal failure

Answer 3

hypertension
vascular disease
glomerular disease
tubular and interstitial disease

Question 4

is chronic renal failure reversible

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

glomerular injury caused by a group of underlying diseases generally characterised by inflammatory changes in the glomerulus

Question 6

what is the classification of glomerular disease

Answer 6

primary renal disease - renal limited
secondary renal disease - systemic - involves kidney

Question 7

characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 7

proteinuria, generalised oedema, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria

Question 8

disorders manifested by primary nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

1. minimal change
2. focal segmental Glomerular Sclerosis
   3.Membranous Nephropathy
   4.MPGN

Question 9

Disorders manifested by secondary Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 9

1.Diabetes
2.Amyloidosis/light Chain deposition disease

Question 10

what is AL amyloid associated with

Answer 10

multiple myeloma and other non malignant disorders of the bone marrow

Question 11

what is AA amyloid associated with

Answer 11

chronic inflammatory conditions - RA and TB

Question 12

Disorders manifested by the Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 12

Primary
*Crescentic, (Rapidly Progressive) GN
*IgA Nephropathy
*Post Infectious GN
Secondary
*SLE
*Vasculitis
*HSP

Question 13

Clinical Features of IgA Nephropathy

Answer 13

Haematuria, Variable Proteinuria
HSP – abdominal pain, joint pain and
Purpura (Rash)

Question 14

Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy

Answer 14

inadequate clearance of an abnormal IgA molecule from tissues

Question 15

what is Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

Answer 15

Patients present with Nephritic Syndrome which progresses rapidly to renal failure within weeks to months
Focal rupture of glomerular capillary walls can be seen by light microscopy and electron microscopy.

Question 16

Classification of underlying causes of RPGN

Answer 16

1. Anti-GBM antibody disease (approximately 3% of cases),
2. Immune complex disease (45% of cases),
3. Pauci-immune disease (50% of cases).
   80 –90 % ANCA positive