Respiratory Pathogens Flashcards
Acute Chest Syndrome with Pleuritis
Coxsackie Virus
Most common cause of atypical pneumonia in children and Otitis Media in adolescents ?How can you prevent it ?
RSV. Passive Immunization with Palivizumab
Cause of Croup in Infants
Parainfluenza, treat with racemic epinephrine and O2
Steeple Sign
Croup
Thumbprint Sign, Inspiratory Stridor, Tripoding, Drooling, Cherry red epiglottis
Epiglotitis, Examine in OR and Intubate if necessary
Epiglotitis
H. Influenza, Treat with Ceftriaxone +/- intubation
3 stages of Pertussus
- Cararrhal 2. Paroxysmal 3. Convalescent.
Influenza that causes world wide epidemics
Influenza A
Influenza that causes major outbreaks
Influenza B
Treatment of Influenza
Neuroamidase Inhibitors Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
Who requires Influenza vaccination?
People over 65 or with chronic medical conditions
Antigenic Shift and Drift, which requires a new vaccine?
Shift, which is a major mutation in neuroamidase or hemagluttin.
Breathed deer and mouse feces in SW USA, Developes ARDS and renal failure. 1st step in workup
Viral RNA in lungs, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, They are fucked.
Atypical Pneumonia associated with coronary artery disease
C. Pneumoniae, Treatment: Doxycycline
Afebril Newborn with stacatto cough.
Chylamida Trachomatis. Treat with Erythromycin.
Child with atypical pneumonia and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia or bullous myringitis. Treatment?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Treatment Azrithromycin, Azrithromycin, Clarithromycin
Atypical Pneumonia in a farmer or veterinarian possibly associated with myocarditis or granulamatous hepatitis
CoxiellaTreatment: Doxycycline
Gram Positive Lanced Shaped Diplococcus, Workup and Treatment.
Clinical Exam with consolidation, CXR, Urinary AntigenTreat with Penicillin G or Amoxicillin
Gram Positive Cocci in Clusters with yellow sputum. Treatment?If MSSA? if MRSA?
S. Areus. Tmp-SMX. MSSA: Naficillin or oxacillinMRSA: Vanc.
Grey pseduomembrane in throat, Gram Positive Rods, Complications?Treatment?
Diptheriae, Toxic MyocarditisErythromycin
Gram Positive filamentous bacteria, Partially acid fast, granulamatous microabscesses
Nocardia, TMP-SMX
Cough Rinorrhea, conjunctivatitis, absolute lymphocytosis followed by coughing attacks
Pertussus, Gram Neg Rod, Erythromycin and treat everyone in the house regardless of immunization status.
Gram Negative Rod w/ mucoid capsule. Causes pneumonia in nursing home and alcoholics. Blood tinged sputum.
Klebsiella. Treat with Ceftriaxone. S. Areus still more common in alcoholics.
Gram Negative Rod, causes Atypical pneumonia w/ hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis (Type 4 RTA)
Legionella, Urinary antigen, Fluoroquinalone or Azrithromycin.
Green Sputum, Causes nosocosomal pneumonia and death in CF patients.
Pseudomonas, Zosyn +
Aspiration Pneumonia, Anaerobic lung abscess treatment
Clindamycin.
Piperacillin Tazobactam
Zosyn.
Anti-Pseudomonal Cephalosporins
3rd Gen: Cefepime / Ceftazadime
Wide angle hyphae, heorrhagic infarcts in the lungs. Affects diabetics
Mucor. Treat with Amphoteracin B.
Budding Yease with narrow based buds and thick capsule. In pigeon droppings. Produces primary lung disease with caseous necrosis.
Cryptococcus. Treat with Fluconazol.
Necrotizing bronciopheumoniae with narrow angle septate hyphae
Aspergillious, Voricanazole.
Erythema Nodosum, Flu like symptoms, Arid desert exposure. Granulamatous inflammation with caseous necrosis in lungs.
Coccidioides Immitis (Valley Fever). Spherules with endospores in tissues. Treat with intraconazole
Broad based budding yeast
Blastomycosis. Treat with intracolazole or amphoteracin B.
Systemic Fungal Infection associated with cave exploratin in Ohio and central Mississippi. Yeast in Macrophages. Coin Lesions consolidations. Dystrophic Calcification in granulomas and Calcified spleen.
Histoplasmosis. Treat with intracolazole or amphoteracin B.
