Respiratory Part 2 Flashcards
when are antihistamines used?
for an allergic response
where is histamine located in the body?
basophils and mast cells, concentrated in cells exposed to the environment.
what are the target cells of histamine?
blood vessels, respiratory, and GI
what are some responses that histamine causes?
smooth muscle contraction, stimulation of vagus nerve, (coughing, bronchoconstriction), edema, increased permeability in blood vessels, increased mucus, stimulation of nerve endings (pain and itching), increased gastric acid, dilated capillaries (flushing) increased HR
what is an anaphylactic reaction?
exaggerated allergic response, causing tissue damage and illness.
-four types of response
define type 1 hypersensitivity.
immediate. most common.
-usually 2nd or later exposure
IgE activated
MILD: itching, rhinitis
SEVERE: anaphylactic, respiratory/cardiac collapse, life-threatening
define type 2 hypersensitivity.
cytotoxic. less common.
- IgG/IgM stimulated
-causes direct damage to the cell surface
examples: blood transfusion reaction, medication reaction, hemolytic
define type 3 hypersensitivity.
immune. rare.
-IgG/IgM stimulated
-forms antigen-antibody complex
-inflammatory response
serum sickness=excess antigen-antibodies
example: antibody transfusion/meds
define type 4 hypersensitivity.
delayed hypersensitivity. similar to 1
-antibody must be made
-cell stimulated
-T lymphocytes react to antigen
examples: tuberculosis test, contact dermatitis, graft rejection
true or false, histamine is the first chemical mediator released during the inflammatory response.
True
true or false, four classifications of hypersensitivity reactions exist.
True
what is allergic rhinitis, what symptoms, what is seasonal vs perennial?
inflamed nasal mucosa, caused by type 1 reaction.
-nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, watery drainage
S: response to airborne pollens
P: nonseasonal, AKA: dust, animals, etc.
What is an allergic food reaction, common allergies, and age-specific allergies?
immune response to ingestion of a protein.
-shellfish, corn, seeds, bananas, eggs, milk, soy, peanuts, tree nuts.
Adults=shellfish
Peds=milk, eggs, wheat, soy (may outgrow or worsen, there is no preventative)
what is contact dermatitis, and what are common causes, and symptoms?
type 4 reaction from direct contact, normally 24 hours after.
-poison ivy, cosmetics, metal
-inflammation, warmth, itchy, blisters, drainage/infection
what are some common ‘rules’ and symptoms of a drug reaction?
can be a preservative or dye not just an active ingredient.
-any drug and any body tissue
can occur up to 7-10 days, will resolve when med is stopped
S: rash, itching, fever, hematologic (anemia), hepatic (toxic)
