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PHARM EXAM 3 > Respiratory Part 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea

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2
Q

What is the common cold?

A

a viral infection, affecting the upper respiratory tract, normally occurs 2-4 times a year

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3
Q

what are the defenses of the immune system for the respiratory tract?

A

nose hair, mucus, cilia, cough and sneeze reflexes

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4
Q

what is sinusitis?

A

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which blocks fluid and infection

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of sinusitis?

A

Rhinitis

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6
Q

define nasal congestion and its cause.

A

a stuffy nose, difficulty breathing
-when the nasal passage is blocked by inflamed vessels

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7
Q

what is the difference between a productive and nonproductive cough?

A

P: something coming up, WET
NON: DRY mucous membrane

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8
Q

What can cause increased secretions?
AKA mucous running down the throat into bronchi

A

allergies, smoking, surgery, cold/illness

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9
Q

what is a treatment for increased secretions?

A

coughing and deep breathing

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10
Q

what are some common nasal decongestants

A

-Pseudoephedrine
-oxymetazoline (nasal spray)
-phenylephrine

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11
Q

what is the MOA of pseudoephedrine and other decongestants?

A

relieve nasal obstruction and discharge through vasoconstriction of blood vessels

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12
Q

what are some contraindications of decongestants and cautions?

A

Con: severe HTN, CAD, glaucoma, anti depressants
Caution: dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, DM, prostate hypertrophy

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13
Q

what are some nursing considerations and teaching for decongestants?

A

-monitor for cardiac side effects
-be mindful of extended release
-encourage fluid intake, humidification, flow dose recommendation (can cause rebound 3-5 days for spray), avoid caffeine, avoid with HTN, teach how to use a nasal spray

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14
Q

what are some common antitussives?

A

-Dextromethorphan -DM
-benzonatate
-codeine

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15
Q

how do antitussives work and what is the difference between central and local acting?

A

suppresses nonproductive cough
central: narcotic and non, oral, affects the whole body
local: throat lozenges, cough drops

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16
Q

what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching for antitussives?

A

-NPO for 30 minutes after syrup or drop
-interactions with antidepressants
-encourage fluid intake, humidification, limit taking to a week, careful dosing

17
Q

what is the main expectorant?

A

guaifenesin (Mucinex)

18
Q

how do expectorants work?

A

liquefy respiratory secretions, used in productive cough AKA=tenacious sputum

19
Q

what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching for expectorants?

A

-mindful of extended-release
-fluid intake, humidification, take no longer than a week (COPD may take longer), encourage coughing and deep breathing (spirometer and acapella)

20
Q

what is a common mucolytic?

A

Acetylcysteine (also for acetaminophen OD)

21
Q

what is the action and administration of mucolytics?

A

liquefy mucus, to clear mucus in chronic diseases like CF and asthma
-given through inhalation – smells like rotten eggs

22
Q

what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching of mucolytics?

A

-can be given different routes (OD)
-monitor airway clearance, have suction equipment
-remove residue after use
-encourage fluids, and coughing/deep breathing

23
Q

what are common OTC remedies to colds and what do they contain?

A

Vicks, NyQuil
-antihistamine, decongestant, analgesic, antitussives, expectorants

24
Q

why is pseudoephedrine being replaced, and by what?

A

it is used to make meth, it is being replaced by phenylephrine, which is not as potent of a vasoconstrictor, leading to lower risk factors

25
Q

what are some vitamins that may help if given early (within 24 hrs)

A

zinc, echinacea, vitamin C

26
Q

True or false, the common cold is caused by many types of bacteria.

A

False

27
Q

True or false, sympathomimetic drugs are used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge

A

true

28
Q

A common mucolytic used to liquefy mucus is?

A

acetylcysteine and guaifenesin

29
Q

cold remedies listed as nondrowsy do not contain?

A

a first gen antihistamine

30
Q

why can oxymetazoline be used longer than the recommended time?

A

rebound nasal congestion

PHARM EXAM 3 (6 decks)

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