Respiratory Part 1 Flashcards
what is a part of the upper respiratory tract?
mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea
What is the common cold?
a viral infection, affecting the upper respiratory tract, normally occurs 2-4 times a year
what are the defenses of the immune system for the respiratory tract?
nose hair, mucus, cilia, cough and sneeze reflexes
what is sinusitis?
inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which blocks fluid and infection
what is the most common cause of sinusitis?
Rhinitis
define nasal congestion and its cause.
a stuffy nose, difficulty breathing
-when the nasal passage is blocked by inflamed vessels
what is the difference between a productive and nonproductive cough?
P: something coming up, WET
NON: DRY mucous membrane
What can cause increased secretions?
AKA mucous running down the throat into bronchi
allergies, smoking, surgery, cold/illness
what is a treatment for increased secretions?
coughing and deep breathing
what are some common nasal decongestants
-Pseudoephedrine
-oxymetazoline (nasal spray)
-phenylephrine
what is the MOA of pseudoephedrine and other decongestants?
relieve nasal obstruction and discharge through vasoconstriction of blood vessels
what are some contraindications of decongestants and cautions?
Con: severe HTN, CAD, glaucoma, anti depressants
Caution: dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, DM, prostate hypertrophy
what are some nursing considerations and teaching for decongestants?
-monitor for cardiac side effects
-be mindful of extended release
-encourage fluid intake, humidification, flow dose recommendation (can cause rebound 3-5 days for spray), avoid caffeine, avoid with HTN, teach how to use a nasal spray
what are some common antitussives?
-Dextromethorphan -DM
-benzonatate
-codeine
how do antitussives work and what is the difference between central and local acting?
suppresses nonproductive cough
central: narcotic and non, oral, affects the whole body
local: throat lozenges, cough drops
what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching for antitussives?
-NPO for 30 minutes after syrup or drop
-interactions with antidepressants
-encourage fluid intake, humidification, limit taking to a week, careful dosing
what is the main expectorant?
guaifenesin (Mucinex)
how do expectorants work?
liquefy respiratory secretions, used in productive cough AKA=tenacious sputum
what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching for expectorants?
-mindful of extended-release
-fluid intake, humidification, take no longer than a week (COPD may take longer), encourage coughing and deep breathing (spirometer and acapella)
what is a common mucolytic?
Acetylcysteine (also for acetaminophen OD)
what is the action and administration of mucolytics?
liquefy mucus, to clear mucus in chronic diseases like CF and asthma
-given through inhalation – smells like rotten eggs
what are some nursing considerations and patient teaching of mucolytics?
-can be given different routes (OD)
-monitor airway clearance, have suction equipment
-remove residue after use
-encourage fluids, and coughing/deep breathing
what are common OTC remedies to colds and what do they contain?
Vicks, NyQuil
-antihistamine, decongestant, analgesic, antitussives, expectorants
why is pseudoephedrine being replaced, and by what?
it is used to make meth, it is being replaced by phenylephrine, which is not as potent of a vasoconstrictor, leading to lower risk factors
what are some vitamins that may help if given early (within 24 hrs)
zinc, echinacea, vitamin C
True or false, the common cold is caused by many types of bacteria.
False
True or false, sympathomimetic drugs are used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge
true
A common mucolytic used to liquefy mucus is?
acetylcysteine and guaifenesin
cold remedies listed as nondrowsy do not contain?
a first gen antihistamine
why can oxymetazoline be used longer than the recommended time?
rebound nasal congestion
