Respiratory, Nervous, and Immune Systems

Question 1

Functions of the Respiratory

Answer 1

• Passes (O2) from the air into the lungs, which carries the oxygen to all of the body cells. (Inhaling)
• Removes gaseous wastes (CO2) from our body cells, which are carried to the lungs and released into the air. (Exhaling)

Question 2

Nasal Cavity

Answer 2

is composed of a series of channels through which outside air is admitted to the body interior. Consists of your nose, nostrils, and mouth. The inside is lined with tiny hairs called cilia. Mucus(sticky fluid) is inside the nos. Cilia and Mucus are protectors from diseases. Air passing is moistened, warmed, and filtered.

Question 3

Pharynx (Throat)

Answer 3

is the area in the back of the oral cavity where the nasal cavity joins in. Muscular tube also connects the nasal cavity with the trachea. Lined with cilia that trap anything that may have gotten past the nasal cavity.

Question 4

Larynx (Voice Box)

Answer 4

A series of folds of tissue (vocal cords) surrounded by protective cartilage. When air passes over the folds of tissue, sounds are made (speaking).

Question 5

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 5

cartilage-ringed tube that is made of smooth muscle and used to conduct air from the pharynx deeper into the respiratory system.

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

Flap of muscle that covers both the trachea and esophagus. Covers trachea when eating. Esophagus is covered when breathing.

Question 7

Bronchi

Answer 7

Two bronchi branch from the end of the trachea and head to the lungs. It’s where the trachea branches into parts. Each part leads into the right lung or the left lung.

Question 8

Lungs

Answer 8

Composed of the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and their supporting tissues. Cone-shaped organs made of spongy tissue. The lungs are the area of gas exchange in the respiratory system. The lungs consist of bronchioles and alveoli.

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

highly branched tubules that subdivide from the ends of the bronchi and become progressively smaller as they pass deeper into the lungs. The bronchi that have branched into tiny tubes.

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

tiny air sacs, are found at the ends of each of the bronchioles. Look like bunches of grapes surrounding branches.

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

A large sheet of muscle that lies just under your ribs.

• When you inhale, contracts and moves down.
• When you exhale the diaphragm relaxes and moves back up to its resting position.

Question 12

Nervous System

Answer 12

network of nerve cells that carry messages, or impulses, throughput the organism.

Question 13

Neuron

Answer 13

Nerve cell

Question 14

Cell Body (Parts of a Neuron)

Answer 14

contains the nucleus and the cell organelles. The metabolic activities that take place in all cells are carried out in the cell body.

Question 15

Terminal Branches (Parts of a Neuron)

Answer 15

are where impulses are transferred from one neuron and onto another neuron.

Question 16

Dendrites (Parts of a Neuron)

Answer 16

Short, highly branched fibers that receive impulsed. These impulses are sent to the body.

Question 17

Axon (Parts of a Neuron)

Answer 17

a long, thin fiber that extends from the cell body. Axon carry impulses away from the cell body and send them to either other neurons or to effectors.

Question 18

Synaptic Knobs (Parts of a Neuron)

Answer 18

are the structures that transfer impulses from one neuron onto another. The transfer of these message from one neuron to the next neuron is called a synapse.

Question 19

Sensory Neuron

Answer 19

Carry impulses from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

Question 20

Interneuron

Answer 20

relay impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 21

Motor Neuron

Answer 21

Carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors, usually muscles.

Question 22

Receptors (sense neurons)

Answer 22

are nerves that are sensitive to changes (stimulus) both inside and outside the organism’s body.

Question 23

Effectors

Answer 23

are nerves that respond to the changes in the body.

Question 24

Central Nervous System (Brain & Spinal Cord)

Answer 24

1. Controls behavior and consists of two hemispheres.
2. The brain is divided into three main parts: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Medulla.
3. The spinal cord is made of white matter and gray matter.

Question 25

Cerebrum (Parts of Brain)

Answer 25

Controls higher processes and senses (speech, reasoning, memory, motor, smell, touch, taste, sight, and hearing)

Question 26

Cerebellum (Parts of Brain)

Answer 26

Controls balance and coordination.

Question 27

Medulla (Parts of Brain)

Answer 27

Controls involuntary functions such as breathing and heartbeat.

Question 28

Peripheral Nervous System (Neurons)

Answer 28

1. it serves internal organs
2. It’s a pathway to the brain for the five senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing)
3. It helps you respond to the world around you.

Question 29

Immune System

Answer 29

designed to defend you against millions of pathogens, such as bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins, and parasites that would love to invade your body.

Question 30

Pathogens

Answer 30

anything that makes you sick

Question 31

Thymus

Answer 31

is an organ that helps produce white blood cells.

Question 32

Spleen

Answer 32

filters the blood looking for foreign cells.

Question 33

Lymph System

Answer 33

are glands in the body that produces antibodies.

Question 34

Antibodies

Answer 34

search and destroy foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 35

Antigens

Answer 35

are located an antibodies and they help identify specific pathogens so the antibodies can destroy it.

Question 36

Bone marrow

Answer 36

is located inside your bones and produces red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells.

Question 37

White Blood Cells or leukocytes

Answer 37

defend the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials (pathogens)

Question 38

Vaccines*

Answer 38

are injections that contains dead or weak form of a particular pathogen. The body will destroy them and produce antibodies.
-This is how the body develops immunity.

Question 39

HIV (human immune deficiency virus)

Answer 39

is a virus that attacks the immune system.

-You can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.