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Medical - Surgical Nursing > Respiratory Modalities, Problems, and Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Modalities, Problems, and Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the Respiratory System? (G.A.S.)

A

Gas Exchange
Acid base balance
Somatic Nervous System

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2
Q

What is the Normal respiratory rate?

A

12 - 20 bpm

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3
Q

Give the process of Gas exchange

A
  1. Presence of CO2 (Lungs)
  2. Brain activates to release CO2
  3. Phrenic Nerve (Diaphragmatic Action)
  4. Activate diaphragm
  5. Exhalation
  6. CO2 out (Gas exchange)
    7 Brain taps Phrenic Nerve
  7. Inhalation (New O2)
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4
Q

Air movement in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

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5
Q

Oxygen in the bloodstream

A

Oxygenation

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6
Q

Oxygen in the tissues

A

Perfusion

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7
Q

What happens when the Alveoli is damaged?

A
  • Atelectasis
  • Pneumonia
  • Pulmonary Tuberculosis
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8
Q

Problems in the Larynx

A
  • Stridor
  • Hoarseness of Voice
  • Laryngeal Cancer
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9
Q

What to Watch out for in the trachea?

A

Tracheal Deviation

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10
Q

What problem may occur in the bronchioles?

A

Bronchiolitis

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11
Q

What is the purpose of T1 - LRT 1?

A

Structure

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12
Q

What happens when the T1 - LRT 1/ structure is damaged?

A

Atelectasis

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13
Q

What is the purpose of T2 - LRT 2?

A

Surfactant

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14
Q

What happens when the T2 - LRT2/Surfactant is damaged?

A

Emphysema ( Barrel chest)

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15
Q

What is the function of T3 - LRT 3?

A

Macrophages

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16
Q

What is the function of T3 - LRT 3?

A

Macrophages

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17
Q

What happens when the T3 - LRT 3/Macrophages have a problem?

A

Tuberculosis

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18
Q

What are the 3 accessory muscles used when there is a Respiratory Distress when assessing?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Diaphragm
  3. Sternocleidomastoid
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19
Q

Difficulty of Breathing pathophysiology

A
  1. ⬇️ O2
  2. Anaerobic Metabolism
  3. Lactic Acid
  4. Nerve Damage
  5. Generalized Pain
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20
Q

Normal Breath Sounds (3)

A
  1. Vesicular
  2. Bronchial
  3. Broncho-vesicular
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21
Q

Vesicular

A

Low pitch sound

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22
Q

Bronchial

A

High pitch sound

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23
Q

Broncho-vesicular

A

Mid-high pitch

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24
Q

Abnormal breath sounds

A
  1. Stridor
  2. Crackles
  3. Wheezing
25
Q

S/S of problems in the Upper Respiratory track

A

Dry cough and Ichiness

26
Q

S/S of problems in the Lower Respiratory Track

A

Mucus and Expectoration

27
Q

Heard best in INHALATION

A

Stridor

28
Q

Heard best in EXHALATION

A

Wheezing

29
Q

V.I.B.E.R

A

Vesicular
⬇️
Inhalation
⬇️
Bronchial
⬇️
Exhalation
⬇️
Repeat Process

30
Q

Abnormals:
Prolonged inhalation, steady, exhalation

A

BIOTS

31
Q

End of Life Breathing

A

BIOTS

32
Q

Normal breathing Apnea
⬇️
Brain Injury

A

Cheynes Stroke

33
Q

Deep rapid breathing ➡️ Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

Kussmauls

34
Q

Respi. Modalities: 1 - 2 LPM

A

Nasal Cannula

35
Q

5 - 10 LPM

A

Face Mask

36
Q

Non rebreather mask LPM?

A

6 - 10 lpm

37
Q

10 Lpm

A

Venturi Mask

38
Q

Venturi mask (FACE)

A

Fitting
Accurate
COPD
Everybody not

39
Q

What to WOF in managing CPAP

A

Oxygen toxicity

40
Q

Symptom of oxygen toxicity

A

Headache
Blurring of Vision

41
Q

ABG rule

A

ROME
Respiratory, Opposite
Metabolic, Equal

42
Q

pH Normal values

A

7.35 - 7.45

43
Q

HCO3 & PCO2 normal values

A

HCO3 = 22-26
PCO2 = 35 - 45

44
Q

pH: Normal

A

Fully Compensated

45
Q

pH: Abnormal
HCO3/PCO2: Normal

A

Uncompensated

46
Q

pH: abnormal
HCO3/PCO2: abnormal

A

Partially compensated

47
Q

HCO3: Normal
PCO2: Abnormal

A

Respiratory

48
Q

HCO3: Abnormal
PCO2: Normal

A

Metabolic

49
Q

HCO3: ⬆️ ?
HCO3: ⬇️ ?
PCO2: Normal

A

⬆️ Metabolic Alkalosis
⬇️ Metabolic Acidosis

50
Q

HCO3: Normal
PCO2: ⬆️ ?
PCO2: ⬇️ ?

A

⬆️: Respiratory Acidosis
⬇️: Respiratory Alkalosis

51
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis (hyperventilation) ?

A

Inhalation ⬆️ O2
Exhalation ⬆️ CO2

52
Q

Respiratory Acidosis (hypoventilation)

A

⬇️ O2
⬆️ CO2

53
Q

Disorders in respiratory acidosis

A

COPD
Late stage asthma
Koch disease (tuberculosis)
COVID-19
ARDS (irreversible)

54
Q

Metabolic alkalosis removal of Acid

A

NGT Suctioning
Vomiting

55
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis examples

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum
Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
Pyloric Stenosis

56
Q

Excessive Vomiting ➡️ ❓➡️❓➡️ ❓
⬇️
⬆️Na
⬇️ K
⬇️
❓

A

Excessive Vomiting will decrease the H2O in the body ➡️ the decrease in H20 will lead to dehydration ➡️ left untreated will lead to shock ✌🏼(hypo, tachy, tachy, narrowing of BV)

The decrease in H2O will increase the Sodium hence the decrease in potassium ➡️ Hypokalemia

57
Q

Metabolic Acidosis disorders

A

Diarrhea
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
HHnK

58
Q

Metabolic Acidosis pathophysiology

A

Severe DHN
⬇️
Increased acidity Pain
in blood Lactic acid
⬇️ ⬆️ Anaerobic Metabolism
Hemolysis ————➡️ ⬇️O2
⬇️ Hypoxia
Metabolic Acidosis

Medical - Surgical Nursing (3 decks)

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