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NUR 112- Exam 3 > Respiratory & Metabolic Alkalosis/ Respiratory & Metabolic Acidosis > Flashcards

Respiratory & Metabolic Alkalosis/ Respiratory & Metabolic Acidosis Flashcards

Acid Base

1
Q

An acid is a substance that does what with hydrogen ions?

A

releases

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2
Q

A base is a substance that does what with hydrogen ions?

A

accepts

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3
Q

Lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid are all examples of what?

A

an acid

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4
Q

Bicarbonate is an example of what?

A

a base

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5
Q

What is the pH below and above in order for it to be considered incompatible to human life?

A

below 6.8 or above 7.8

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6
Q

How long does it take for lungs to compensate for acid-base imbalances?

A

within minutes

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7
Q

How long does it take for kidneys to compensate for acid-base imbalances?

A

hours/days

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8
Q

What do we see in our pH and CO2 in respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. pH <7.35
  2. CO2 >45
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9
Q

What do the lungs do to compensate in respiratory acidosis?

A

increase the rate & depth of respirations therby blowing off more co2

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10
Q

What type of respiratory symptoms do we see in respiratory acidosis?

A

rapid and shallow breaths- Tachypnea

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11
Q

What do we see in our pH & CO2 in respiratory alkalosis?

A
  1. pH >7.45
  2. CO2 <35
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12
Q

How do our lungs compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

A

decrease the rate & depth of respirations thereby blowing off less co2

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13
Q

What respiratory symptom would we see in respiratory alkalosis?

A

rapid & deep breaths (tachypnea)

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14
Q

Do we see hypoventilation or hyperventilation in respiratory acidosis?

A

hypoventilation (hypoxia)

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15
Q

Do we see hypoventilation or hyperventilation in respiratory alkalosis?

A

hyperventilation (hypocarbia)

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16
Q

For metabolic acidosis, what do we see in our pH and HCO3?

A
  1. pH <7.35
  2. HCO3 <22
17
Q

What respiratory symptom would we see in metabolic acidosis?

A

tachypnea (rapid & deep)

18
Q

What respiratory symptom would we see in metabolic alkalosis?

A

bradypnea (slow & shallow)

19
Q

What would we see in our pH and HCO3 in metabolic alkalosis?

A
  1. pH >7.45
  2. HCO3 >26
20
Q

When the pH is normal & PCO2 + HCO3 rise or fall together what does this mean?

A

compensation

21
Q

When the pH is abnormal & PCO2 + HCO3 rise or fall together what does this mean?

A

partially compensated

22
Q

When the pH is abnormal & PCO2 or HCO3 is normal what does this mean?

A

uncompensated

23
Q

What are 3 common sites placed for ABG sampling?

A
  1. radial
  2. brachial
  3. femoral
24
Q

If frequent ABG tests will be required what will be done?

A

an arterial line will be placed

25
Q

What is an allens tests?

A

done to ensure patency of the radial & ulnar arteries

26
Q

For a patient with metabolic alkalosis, what would be 3 interventions done for the patient?

A
  1. Administer IV fluids
  2. Potassium & calcium replacement
  3. Hemodialysis
27
Q

For a patient with metabolic acidosis, what would be 3 interventions done for the patient?

A
  1. Administer IV fluids
  2. Administer sodium bicarbonate
  3. Hemodialysis
28
Q

Which intervention in metabolic acidosis is only done in severe cases?

A

only given IV in severe cases (can lead to metabolic alkalosis)

29
Q

What are 3 interventions that would be done for the patient with respiratory alkalosis?

A
  1. reduce anxiety
  2. oxygen therapy
  3. rebreathing techniques
30
Q

What would be 4 interventions done for a patient with respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. oxygen therapy
  2. mechanical ventilation
  3. respiratory treatment & meds
  4. Administer narcotic antagonists
31
Q

What does the acronym FROST stand for for the causes of respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. Foreign body aspiration
  2. Respiratory conditions
  3. Opiate overdose
  4. Stroke
  5. Trauma to the chest
32
Q

What 3 neuro symptoms would we see in chronic respiratory acidosis?

A
  1. memory loss
  2. personality changes
  3. daytime sleepiness
33
Q

What does the aconym TAP stand for for the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Temperaure increase
Anxiety & panic attacks
Pain

NUR 112- Exam 3 (4 decks)

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