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NUR 112- Exam 3 > Fluid & electrolyte imbalances > Flashcards

Fluid & electrolyte imbalances Flashcards

Fluid & electrolytes

1
Q

What does the acronym HI SALT stand for, for the causes of hypernatremia?

A

High cortisol (cushing’s syndrome)
Inappropiate use of oral electrolyte solutions

Sweating profusely
ADH making too much urine (Diabetes Insipidus
Loose stools
Thirst Impaired

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2
Q

What does the acronym FRIED SALT stand for, for the symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

Flush
Retching
Increased BP
Edema
Dizziness

Swollen dry tongue
Abnormal temp
Lack of flexibility (increased muscle tone)
Thirst

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3
Q

What does the acronym SIADH stand for, for the causes of hyponatremia?

A

Severe fluid loss (GI & V/D)
Irrigation of NG tube
Adrenal/renal issues
Diuretics
HF/Hypotonic IV fluid replacement

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4
Q

What does the acronym SALT stand for, for the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

Stupor/coma
Anorexia
Limp muscles/Lethargy
Tremors

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5
Q

What does the acronym MURDER stand for, for the causes of hyperchloremia?

A

Metabolic acidosis
Use of carbonic anhydrase
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Extreme active parathyroid glands
Respiratory alkalosis

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6
Q

What does the acronym EKG stand for, for the symptoms of hyperchloremia?

A

Extreme thirst
Kussmaul respirations
Generalized weakness

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7
Q

What is the one cause of hypochloremia?

A

heavy fluid loss (vomiting/diarrhea)

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8
Q

What is the acronym PM stand for, for the symptoms of hypochloremia?

A

Paresthesia of the face
Muscle Spasm

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9
Q

What does the acronym SCARED stand for, for the causes of hyperkalemia?

A

Severe burns
Causes acidosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Renal failure
Excess potassium intake
Damaged tissues

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10
Q

What does the acronym CAT stand for, for the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

Cardiac arrest
Arrythmias
Tall peaked T-waves

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11
Q

What does the acronym DITCH stand for, for the causes of hypokalemia?

A

Diuretics
IV fluids long term use
Too much alkalosis protein
Corticosteroids/cushings
Heavy fluid loss (GI suctioning/Vomiting)

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12
Q

What does the acronym SHITS stand for, for the symptoms of hypokalemia?

A

Suppressed insulin secretion
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Increased risk of digoxin toxicity
T wave flat
Skeletal muscle cramps

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13
Q

What does the acronym HOM stand for, for the causes of hypercalcemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Overdose
Malignancies

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14
Q

What does the acronym BACK ME stand for, for the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Bone pain
Arrhythmias
Conjunctival calcifications
Kidney stones

Muscle weakness
Excessive urination

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15
Q

What does the acronym LO CALI stand for, for the causes of hypocalcemia?

A

Low parathyroidism & magnesium
Oral meds

Citrated blood
Alkalosis
Low albumin protein
Increased phophate levels

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16
Q

What does the acronym CRAMPS stand for, for the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

Confusion
Reflexes hyperactive
Abnormally low bp & HR
Muscle cramps
Positive Trosseau’s
Sign of Chvostek

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17
Q

What does the acronym ROB stand for, for the causes of hypermagnesemia?

A

Renal insufficiency
Overuse of magnesium-containing antacids
Bowel disorders

18
Q

What does the acronym LOW stand for, for the causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

Low intake
Off intake (poor)
Wasting of renal

19
Q

What is the range of sodium?

A

135-145

20
Q

Sodium leads to what problems?

A

neuro problems

21
Q

Sodium moves with what other electrolyte?

A

Chloride

22
Q

BP, blood volume, & pH is maintain in the body in what 2 electrolytes?

A

Sodium
Chloride

23
Q

What is the range of chloride?

A

95-105

24
Q

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach to aid digestion is the function of what electrolyte?

A

Chloride

25
Q

Potassium pumps what 2 things in our body?

A

heart & muscles

26
Q

Potassium leads to what problems?

A

cardiac problems

27
Q

What is the range of potassium?

A

3.5-5

28
Q

Which electrolyte does calcium have an inverse relationship with?

A

phosphate

29
Q

What is the range of calcium?

A

9-11

30
Q

What are the 3 “B”s of calcium function?

A

Bones
Blood
Beats

31
Q

Neuromuscular transmission & muscle contraction is the function of what electrolyte?

A

calcium

32
Q

Phosphate helps with what 2 formations?

A

Bone & teeth

33
Q

What is the range of phosphate?

A

2.5-4.5

34
Q

What is the one cause of hyperphosphatemia?

A

excessive intake

35
Q

The symptoms of hyperphosphatemia are?

A

Asymptomatic

36
Q

What is the range of magnesium?

A

1.3-2.1

37
Q

Energy production & protein synthesis is the function of what electrolyte?

A

magnesium

38
Q

What are the 2 symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

Flaccid muscle tone
decreased tendon reflex

39
Q

What are the 2 symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A

muscle cramps
tremors

40
Q

What does the acronym HEAL stand for, for the causes hypophosphatemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Excessive antacid intake
Alcoholism
Low vitamin D intake

NUR 112- Exam 3 (4 decks)

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