Respiratory Medicine

Question 1

What are 3 typical medications used for obstructive lung disease?

Answer 1

• Bronchodilators
• Corticosteroids
• Combination medicines

Question 2

What are 4 types of bronchodilators?

Answer 2

• Short acting
• Long acting
• Anticholinergics
• Methylxanthines

Question 3

How are obstructive medications typically delivered? (3 methods)

Answer 3

• Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
• Nebulizer
• Pill

Question 4

What is the 3 step mechanism by which short acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) work?

Answer 4

• Beta stimulation of the airways promotes bronchodilation
• Relax and open airways quickly
• Increase the movement of cilia to help clear mucus

Question 5

What are 5 side effects of SABA?

Answer 5

• Trembling
• Nervousness
• Fast heart rate
• Increased blood pressure
• Insomnia

Question 6

Should a patient take a short or long acting beta agonist first?

Answer 6

SABA.

Question 7

Which nervous system is stimulated by SABA?

Answer 7

Sympathetic

Question 8

What is the 2 step process by which long acting beta-2 agonist function (LABA) ?

Answer 8

• Relax and open airways

- Increase movement of cilia

Question 9

What is the difference between SABA and LABA?

Answer 9

• LABA last longer

Question 10

What are 5 side effects of LABA?

Answer 10

• Trembling
• Nervousness
• Increased HR
• Increased BP
• Headache

Question 11

What is the 2 step process by whilch anticholinergics work?

Answer 11

• Inhibits cholinergic stimulation promoting bronchodilation

- Relax and open airways

Question 12

What are 7 side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 12

• Nervousness
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Headache
• Upset stomach
• Constipation
• Dry mouth

Question 13

What are the 7 mechanisms by which methylxanthine work?

Answer 13

• Bronchodilation
• Decreased plasma exudate
• Increased cilia activity
• Decreased neutrophil function
• Decreased T-cell function
• Decreased macrophage function
• Increased respiratory muscle strength

Question 14

What type of medication is an SDE-4?

Answer 14

• Bronchodilator

Question 15

What are 3 mechanisms by which corticosteroids function on the respiratory system?

Answer 15

• Reduced inflammation and swelling of the airways
• Reduce mucus production
• Decrease sensitivity to irritants and allergens

Question 16

What are 6 side effects of corticosteroids?

Answer 16

• Weight gain
• Nervousness
• Insomnia
• Osteoporosis
• HTN
• High blood sugars

Question 17

What infection is common due to inhaled corticosteroids? How can this be prevented?

Answer 17

• Thrush

- Rinse mouth after use to prevent

Question 18

Do inhaled corticosteroids or pill form corticosteroids have more side effects?

Answer 18

• Pill

Question 19

Are corticosteroids fast acting?

Answer 19

No.

Question 20

How should a patient stop taking corticosteroids?

Answer 20

• Slowly taper down dosage.

Question 21

What are 2 types of combination medications?

Answer 21

• LABA and SABA

- Corticosteroids and SABA

Question 22

What liquid is added to a nebulizer prior to use?

Answer 22

Saline and medication added

Question 23

What is the method of delivery of medication in a nebulizer?

Answer 23

• Patient inhales as a mist

Question 24

What tool can help a patient inhale more medication into their lungs?

Answer 24

• Spacers

Question 25

How do pulmonary HTN medications work?

Answer 25

• Relax and dilate pulmonary arteries

Question 26

What unusual medications can dilate the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 26

• Viagra

- Cialis

Question 27

What are 5 side effects of pulmonary HTN medications?

Answer 27

• Headache
• Indigestion
• Muscle ache
• Flushing
• Hypotension

Question 28

By what mechanism may pulmonary HTN meds be administered?

Answer 28

Infusion.

Question 29

What two methods can used to obtain PFTs?

Answer 29

• Spirometry

- Plethysmography

Question 30

In what type of lung disease are bronchodilators more commonly indicated?

Answer 30

• Obstructive