Respiratory Management

Question 1

What is meant by hypoxia?

Answer 1

Lack of tissue oxygen

Question 2

What is meant by hypoxaemia?

Answer 2

Lack of oxygen in the blood

Question 3

In COPD patients, we aim for SaO2 of between __ and __ %

Answer 3

88 and 92

Question 4

What are the 4 main buffers of pH in the body?

Answer 4

Bicarbonate, Haemoglobin, Ammonium, Phosphate

Question 5

Define acidaemia

Answer 5

pH less than 7.35

Question 6

Define acidosis

Answer 6

A process by which the blood contains excess acid

Question 7

Define alkalaemia

Answer 7

pH greater than 7.45

Question 8

Define alkalosis

Answer 8

A process by which the blood contains excess base

Question 9

Respiratory changes are monitored by looking at CO2 concn. True/False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Metabolic changes are monitored by looking at [H+]. True/False?

Answer 10

False

Look at HCO3 concn

Question 11

Metabolic compensation is rapid. True/False?

Answer 11

False

It is slow

Question 12

Respiratory compensation is rapid. True/False?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is normal, this is what?

Answer 13

Respiratory acidosis

Question 14

If pH is high, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is high, this is what?

Answer 14

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

If pH is low, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is low, this is what?

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis

Question 16

If pH is high, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is normal, this is what?

Answer 16

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

If pH is normal, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?

Answer 17

Compensated respiratory acidosis OR

Compensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

If pH is normal, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is low, this is what?

Answer 18

Compensated respiratory alkalosis OR

Compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 19

If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?

Answer 19

Decompensated respiratory acidosis
pH went down as PCO2 went up; compensation occurred by HCO3 increasing to bring pH to normal; PCO2 went up further to cause lower pH again

Question 20

BE greater than +2 indicates what?

Answer 20

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 21

BE less than -2 indicates what?

Answer 21

Metabolic acidosis

Question 22

PEFR in obstructive disease is reduced. True/False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

PEFR in restrictive disease is reduced. True/False?

Answer 23

False

It is usually normal

Question 24

FEV1 is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

FEV1 is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 26

False

Can be normal in asthmatics

Question 27

FVC is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

FEV1/FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

FEV1/FVC is the same in restrictive disease. True/False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Which substances are used for bronchial challenge testing?

Answer 30

Methacholine, histamine, mannitol

Question 31

What is Respiratory Failure?

Answer 31

Hypoxia (PaO2 less than 8kPa) with/without hypercapnia, occuring when gas exchange is inadequate

Question 32

What is ARDS?

Answer 32

Respiratory stress due to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange

Question 33

What are the main causes of ARDS?

Answer 33

Lung injury
Severe sepsis
Pneumonia