Respiratory Lecture Flashcards
difference between acute/minor respiratory meds vs chronic/serious?
acute = common cold, OTC, selfcare
chronic = asthma, COPD, emphysema, CF
what drug classes are used for chronic/serious conditions?
bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizer
what drug classes are used for CF?
pulmonary enzymes, antibiotics
for exercise-induced bronchospasms (EIB), what is the first line of treatment?
SABAs
what is the absolute last line of treatment for EIB and why?
Cromolyn
not as effective
what are non-pharm techniques for EIB?
warm up period before exercise, mask/scarf over the mouth may reduce cold-induced EIB
how long does short vs long vs ultra long lasting beta-adrenergic agnoists last?
short = 5-8 hours
long = 12 hours
ultra long = 24 hours
uses/effects for Xanthine Derivatives (Theophylline)?
bronchodilation, COPD, Asthma
**last line due to ADRs/toxicities and narrow therapeutic index
Major ADRs/toxicities for Xanthine Derivatives?
Hyperglycemia, tachycardia, tachyarrhythmias, seizures, hypokalemia
Adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid use?
osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, cushing’s, muscle weakness
why can antihistamines increase a fall risk?
due to their ADRs (sedation, dizziness, hypotension)
why would someone take levalbuterol over albuterol ?
albuterol can cause increased HR/contractility, so if a Pt can’t withstand that they can switch.
which drugs are RESCUE drugs for asthma/EIB?
SABAs
when would you use an Epi-Pen (Epinehprine)?
acute/emergent/SOB/bronchospasms, cardiac arrest, anaphylactic reactions
ADRs for an Epi-Pen?
know which systems it affects:
CV, CNS, GI, Neuromuscular/Skeletal, Respiratory
Tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, anxiety, and dizziness; rare ADRs include arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia
what is another med someone can take if they don’t want to take levalbuterol?
short acting antcholinergics
causes bronchodilation and less cardiac stimulation than SABAs
What drug classes are used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF)?
Mucolytics: to thin mucus.
Antibiotics: Tobramycin (Tobi®) to treat infections
Airway clearance drugs
What are the routes of administration for asthma drugs?
Inhaled: Preferred for bronchodilators (SABAs, LABAs), corticosteroids.
Oral: LTRAs (e.g., Montelukast), systemic corticosteroids for exacerbations
What are Pulmonary Enzymes used for and what are their ADRs?
Use: Used in CF to decrease the risk of bacterial infection and thin mucus by breaking down DNA.
ADRs: Chest pain, fever, rash, pharyngitis, rhinitis, dyspnea, dysphonia.
