Respiratory Lecture

Question 1

difference between acute/minor respiratory meds vs chronic/serious?

Answer 1

acute = common cold, OTC, selfcare
chronic = asthma, COPD, emphysema, CF

Question 2

what drug classes are used for chronic/serious conditions?

Answer 2

bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizer

Question 3

what drug classes are used for CF?

Answer 3

pulmonary enzymes, antibiotics

Question 4

for exercise-induced bronchospasms (EIB), what is the first line of treatment?

Answer 4

SABAs

Question 5

what is the absolute last line of treatment for EIB and why?

Answer 5

Cromolyn
not as effective

Question 6

what are non-pharm techniques for EIB?

Answer 6

warm up period before exercise, mask/scarf over the mouth may reduce cold-induced EIB

Question 7

how long does short vs long vs ultra long lasting beta-adrenergic agnoists last?

Answer 7

short = 5-8 hours
long = 12 hours
ultra long = 24 hours

Question 8

uses/effects for Xanthine Derivatives (Theophylline)?

Answer 8

bronchodilation, COPD, Asthma

**last line due to ADRs/toxicities and narrow therapeutic index

Question 9

Major ADRs/toxicities for Xanthine Derivatives?

Answer 9

Hyperglycemia, tachycardia, tachyarrhythmias, seizures, hypokalemia

Question 10

Adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid use?

Answer 10

osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, cushing’s, muscle weakness

Question 11

why can antihistamines increase a fall risk?

Answer 11

due to their ADRs (sedation, dizziness, hypotension)

Question 12

why would someone take levalbuterol over albuterol ?

Answer 12

albuterol can cause increased HR/contractility, so if a Pt can’t withstand that they can switch.

Question 13

which drugs are RESCUE drugs for asthma/EIB?

Answer 13

SABAs

Question 14

when would you use an Epi-Pen (Epinehprine)?

Answer 14

acute/emergent/SOB/bronchospasms, cardiac arrest, anaphylactic reactions

Question 15

ADRs for an Epi-Pen?

Answer 15

know which systems it affects:
CV, CNS, GI, Neuromuscular/Skeletal, Respiratory

Tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, anxiety, and dizziness; rare ADRs include arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia

Question 16

what is another med someone can take if they don’t want to take levalbuterol?

Answer 16

short acting antcholinergics
causes bronchodilation and less cardiac stimulation than SABAs

Question 17

What drug classes are used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer 17

Mucolytics: to thin mucus.

Antibiotics: Tobramycin (Tobi®) to treat infections

Airway clearance drugs

Question 18

What are the routes of administration for asthma drugs?

Answer 18

Inhaled: Preferred for bronchodilators (SABAs, LABAs), corticosteroids.

Oral: LTRAs (e.g., Montelukast), systemic corticosteroids for exacerbations

Question 19

What are Pulmonary Enzymes used for and what are their ADRs?

Answer 19

Use: Used in CF to decrease the risk of bacterial infection and thin mucus by breaking down DNA.

ADRs: Chest pain, fever, rash, pharyngitis, rhinitis, dyspnea, dysphonia.