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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Exam 3 Drug "OIAs" > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drug "OIAs" Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

drug class: analgesic, antipyretic

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (COX-3)

Use: pain relief, fever reduction

ADRs: hepatotoxicity, especially in overdose or w/ alcohol

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2
Q

Albuterol

A

Class: SABA (short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist

MOA: activates B2 receptors in bronchiole smooth muscle to bronchodilate

Use: relief of acute bronchospasms, EIB

ADRs: tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hypokalemia, throat irritation, headache, nausea

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3
Q

Amitriptyline

A

class: tricyclic antidepressant

MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Use: neuropathic pain management (chronic conditions)

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias

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4
Q

Aspirin

A

class: NSAID, antiplatelet

MOA: irreversibly inhibits COX1 & 2 via acetylation

Use: pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects

ADRs: increased risk of bleeding, GI bleeding, tinnitus, Reye’s syndrome

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5
Q

Buprenorphine

A

class: partial opioid agonist

MOA: partial agonist at mu-opioid and antagonist at kappa-opioid receptors

Use: mod-severe pain management, can be used in opioid-dependence tx

ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression (less severe)

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6
Q

Bupivacaine

A

class: local anesthetic

MOA: Inhibit nerve impulses by blocking Na+ movement across the cell membrane

ADRs: restlessness, tremor, convulsions, arrhythmias, LAST (local anesthetic systemic toxicity)

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7
Q

Cannabinoid

A

class: cannabinoid receptor agonist

MOA: activates CB1 and CB2 receptors

Use: pain management, spasticity, CINV

ADRs: euphoria, paranoia, dry mouth, tachycardia

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8
Q

Capsaicin

A

class: topical analgesic

MOA: depletes substance P from sensory nerve endings

Use: localized neuropathic pain/arthritis

ADRs: burning sensation at application site

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9
Q

Cefazolin

A

class: first gen cephalosporin

MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Use: prophylaxis and tx of bacterial infections

ADRs: allergic reactions, GI upset

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10
Q

Celecoxib

A

class: Cox-2 selective NSAID

MOA: inhibits cox-2 to reduce inflammation with less GI toxicity

Use: pain/inflammation in OA and RA

ADRs: cardiovascular risks, GI upset

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11
Q

Cetirizine

A

class: second gen antihistamine

MOA: selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms

ADRs: drowsiness (less than first gen), dry mouth

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12
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms

ADRs: sedation, dizziness

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13
Q

Codeine

A

class: weak opioid agonist, antitussive

MOA: converted to morphine via CPY2D6

Use: pain relief for mild-mod pain, also cough suppressant

ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression, constipation

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14
Q

Cromolyn

A

class: mast cell stabilizer

MOA: inhibits mast cell degranulation

Use: prevention of asthma and allergic reactions. EIB.

ADRs: throat irritation, cough

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15
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

class: antitussive

MOA: supresses cough by acting on the medulla

Use: cough suppressant for dry, non-productive cough

ADRs: drowsiness, potential for abuse at high doses

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16
Q

Diclofenac

A

class: NSAID

MOA: non-selective COX inhibitor

Use: pain/inflammation for OA, RA, or other musculoskel conditions

ADRs: GI irritation, photosensitivity

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms, motion sickness, insomnia, cough suppressant

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth

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18
Q

Docusate

A

class: stool softener

MOA: reduces stool surface tension

Use: prevent and treat constipation by increasing water absorption in stool

ADRs: diarrhea, mild cramping

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19
Q

Doxylamine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors

Use: short-term tx for insomnia. also helps w/ cold/allergy when used in combo products

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth

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20
Q

Duloxetine

A

class: SNRI

MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, depression. *chronic pain syndromes

ADRs: nausea, dry mouth, hypertension

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21
Q

Enflurane

A

class: inhaled general anesthetic (maintenance anesthetic)

MOA: enhances GABA receptor activity, causing CNS depression

ADRs: respiratory depression, malignant hyperthermia, can cause increased ICP

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22
Q

Etomidate

A

class: intravenous general anesthetic

MOA: enhances GABA receptor activity

Use: induction of general anesthesia

ADRs: pain on injections, myoclonic movements, N/V, seizures

Pt Risks: at high risk of hypotension or with myocardial ischemia

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23
Q

Famotidine

A

class: H2 receptor antagonist

MOA: reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors

Use: treatment of GERD, peptic ulcers, acid reflux

ADRs: headache, dizziness

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24
Q

Fentanyl

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: binds to mu-opioid receptors

Use: severe acute/chronic pain management, used in surgery or cancer

ADRs: respiratory depression, constipation, N/V, pruritus

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25
Filgrastim
class: colony-stimulating factor MOA: Stimulates neutrophil production in bone marrow Use: prevention and tx of chemo-induced neutropenia ADRs: bone pain, fever
26
Fexofenadine
class: second gen antihistamine MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors Use: relief of seasonal allergies ADRs: headache, dry mouth
27
Fluticasone
class: inhaled corticosteroid MOA: reduces airway inflammation Use: management of asthma and allergies ADRs: oral candidiasis, throat irritation
28
Formoterol
class: long acting beta-2 agonis (LABA) MOA: stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors for prolonged bronchodilation Use: long-term management of asthma/COPD ADRs: tremor, headache
29
Gabapentin
class: anticonvulsant use: SCI/MS, Neuropathic pain MOA: potentiates the effect of GABA receptors ADRs: sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia
30
Guaifenesin
class: expectorant MOA: increases hydration of respiratory tract secretions Use: cough relief by thinning mucus ADRs: dizziness, nausea
31
Hydroxyzine
class: first gen antihistamine MOA: blocks H1 receptors, also has anxiolytic properties Use: management of anxiety, N/V, allergies. Also can be used as sedative/adjunct for anesthesia ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth
32
Hydrocodone
class: weak opioid agonist MOA: activates mu-opioids recetors - metabolized to hydromorphone via CYP2D6 Use: management of mod-severe pain ADRs: constipation, nausea
33
Hydromorphone
class: strong opioid agonist MOA: mu-opioid receptor agonist Use: severe acute/chronic pain, Cancer or post-op ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression
34
Ibuprofen
class: NSAID MOA: non-selective COX inhibitor Use: pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory ADRs: bleeding risk, GI irritation, nephrotoxicity
35
Indacaterol
class: ultra long acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) MOA: Prolonged beta-2 receptor stimulation for bronchodilation Use: long-term maintenance of COPD ADRs: headache, tachycardia
36
Ipratropium
class: short acting anticholinergic (SAMA) MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors in airways to reduce bronchoconstriction Use: maintenance of COPD / asthma ADRs: dry mouth, cough
37
Ketamine
class: dissociative general anesthetic MOA: NMDA receptor antagonist Use: anesthesia for high-risk pts with bronchospasms or hypotension. also for chronic pain/depression ADRs: increased ICP/IOP, hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting, salivation, delirium ****INCREASES ICP****
38
Lactulose
class: osmotic laxative MOA: draws water into the colon and lowers blood ammonia levels Use: tx of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy ADRs: flatulence, diarrhea
39
Levalbuterol
class: short acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) MOA: stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors for bronchodilation Use: relief of acute bronchospasms ADRs: tremor, tachycardia
40
Lidocaine
class: local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic MOA: blocks sodium channel Use: local anesthetic, pain relief ADRs: local irritation, systemic CNS toxicity at high doses
41
Loratadine
class: second gen antihistamine MOA: selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors Use: relief of seasonal allergies ADRs: headache, fatigue
42
Methadone
class: strong opioid agonist MOA: Agonist at all opioid receptors, NMDA antagonist, inhibits serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake Use: mgmt of chronic pain/opioid dependence ADRs: QT prolongation, respiratory depression
43
Methylnaltrexone
class: Opioid Antagonist (Peripheral) MOA: Blocks peripheral opioid receptors to reduce opioid-induced constipation without affecting analgesia Use: tx of opioid-induced constipation ADRs: abdominal pain, diarrhea
44
Midazolam
class: benzodiazepine (IV general anesthetic) MOA: potentiate GABA effect at receptors Use: sedation, anxiolysis, amnesia prior to procedures. induction of anesthesia ADRs: hypotension, drowsiness, respiratory depression (limited)
45
Montelukast
class: leukotriene receptor antagonist MOA: blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation Use: long-term management of asthma / prevention of EIB ADRs: neuropsychiatric events, abdominal pain
46
Morphine
class: strong opioid agonist MOA: Activates mu-opioid receptors Use: mgmt of severe acute/chronic pain (esp in cancer/palliative care) ADRs: constipation, respiratory depression, N/V, pruritus
47
Nabumetone
class: NSAID MOA: Converted to an active COX-2 selective inhibitor Use: pain/inflammation relief in OA and RA ADRs: GI upset, renal dysfunction, photosensitivity
48
Naloxone
class: opioid antagonist MOA: Competitively binds opioid receptors to reverse opioid effects Use: emergency tx of opioid overdose - reverses ADRs: Withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent patients
49
Naproxen
class: NSAID MOA: Non-selective COX inhibitor **lowest cardiotoxicity risk of all non-aspirin NSAIDs Use: pain/inflammation relief ADRs: bleeding risk, GI irritation, nephrotoxicity
50
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Indication: Nausea and vomiting prevention (postoperative, chemotherapy). MOA: Selective antagonist of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the CNS' chemoreceptor trigger zone + gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the initiation of the vomiting reflex. Side effects: Headache, constipation, QT prolongation. Drug interactions: Increased QT prolongation risk with other medications affecting heart rhythm
51
Oxycodone
class: strong opioid agonist MOA: Activates mu-opioid receptors Use: mgmt of mod-severe acute/chronic pain ADRs: constipation, respiratory depresssion
52
Phenylephrine
class: alpha-1 adrenergic agonist MOA: causes vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa Use: relief of nasal congestion, also for hypotension during surgery ADRs: hypertension, rebound congestion **causes increase in HR and contractility - avoid in high BP**
53
Pregabalin
class: anticonvulsant MOA: Binds to calcium channels, reducing excitatory neurotransmitter release Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, partial seizures ADRs: drowsiness, peripheral edema
54
Prednisone
class: corticosteroid MOA: Inhibits cytokine and prostaglandin production Use: anti-infammatory and immunosuppressant for asthma, RA, lupus, etc ADRs: weight gain, hyperglycemia
55
Propofol
class: intravenous general anesthetic MOA: potentiates GABA receptor activity Use: induction/maintenance of general anesthesia sedation ADRs: injection site pain, hyperlipidemia, hypotension, respiratory depression, propofol infusion syndrome
56
Pseudoephedrine
class: alpha and beta adrenergic agonist MOA: Vasoconstricts nasal mucosa and bronchodilates Use: relief of nasal and sinus congestion ADRs: tachycardia, insomnia **causes increase in HR and contractility - avoid in high BP**
57
Rituximab
class: monoclonal antibody MOA: targets CD20 on B cells, causing cell death Use: tx of B-Cell malignancies like lymphoma ADRs: infusion reactions, immunosuppression
58
Rocuronium
class: non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (Adjuvants) MOA: Blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction Use: induction of neuromuscular blockade during surgery ADRs: prolonged paralysis, respiratory depression
59
Salmeterol
class: long acting beta-2 agonis (LABA) MOA: stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors for prolonged bronchodilation Use: long-term control of asthma/COPD ADRs: tachycadia, risk of asthma related death when used alone
60
Senna S
Indication: Constipation relief MOA: stimulant laxative Side effects: Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance. Drug interactions: May increase potassium loss with diuretics.
61
Succinycholine
class: (adjuvants) DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker MOA: Mimics acetylcholine to cause sustained depolarization and paralysis Use: induction of neuromuscular blockade during surgery. muscle relaxation. ADRs: hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
62
Tapentadol
class: opioid analgesic MOA: Mu-opioid receptor agonist Use: mgmt of mod-severe acute pain and neuropathic pain ADRs: nausea, dizzines
63
THC
class: cannabinoid MOA: Partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors Use: mgmt of CINV and appetite stimulation. Pain mgmt. ADRs: euphoria, tachycardia
64
Theophylline
class: methylxanthine bronchodilator ***xanthine derivative*** MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP Use: long-term mgmt of asthma/COPD ADRs: tachycardia, nausea, seizures
65
Thiopental
class: barbiturate (general anesthetic) ((IV anesthetic) MOA: enhances GABA activity via chloride channel binding, causing CNS depression Use: induction of general anesthesia ADRs: hangover effect, respiratory depression, bronchospasms, reflex tachycardia
66
Tiotropium
class: long acting anticholinergic (LAMA) MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction Use: maintenance of COPD and asthma ADRs: dry mouth, urinary retention
67
Tisagenlecleucel
class: CAR-T Cell Therapy MOA: modifies T cells to target CD19 on cancer cells ADRs: cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity
68
Tramadol
class: weak opioid agonist MOA: Mu-opioid receptor agonist and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Use: mgmt of mod-severe pain ADRs: seizures, serotonin syndrome
69
Venlafaxine
class: SNRI MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, depression ADRs: hypertension, withdrawal symptoms
70
Vincristine
class: Vinca Alkaloid (Antineoplastic) MOA: inhibits microtubule formation during mitosis Use: chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies ADRs: peripheral neuropathy, constipation

Pharmacology Exam 3 (8 decks)

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