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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Exam 3 Drug "OIAs" > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drug "OIAs" Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

drug class: analgesic, antipyretic

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (COX-3)

Use: pain relief, fever reduction

ADRs: hepatotoxicity, especially in overdose or w/ alcohol

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2
Q

Albuterol

A

Class: SABA (short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist

MOA: activates B2 receptors in bronchiole smooth muscle to bronchodilate

Use: relief of acute bronchospasms, EIB

ADRs: tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hypokalemia, throat irritation, headache, nausea

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3
Q

Amitriptyline

A

class: tricyclic antidepressant

MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Use: neuropathic pain management (chronic conditions)

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias

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4
Q

Aspirin

A

class: NSAID, antiplatelet

MOA: irreversibly inhibits COX1 & 2 via acetylation

Use: pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects

ADRs: increased risk of bleeding, GI bleeding, tinnitus, Reye’s syndrome

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5
Q

Buprenorphine

A

class: partial opioid agonist

MOA: partial agonist at mu-opioid and antagonist at kappa-opioid receptors

Use: mod-severe pain management, can be used in opioid-dependence tx

ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression (less severe)

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6
Q

Bupivacaine

A

class: local anesthetic

MOA: Inhibit nerve impulses by blocking Na+ movement across the cell membrane

ADRs: restlessness, tremor, convulsions, arrhythmias, LAST (local anesthetic systemic toxicity)

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7
Q

Cannabinoid

A

class: cannabinoid receptor agonist

MOA: activates CB1 and CB2 receptors

Use: pain management, spasticity, CINV

ADRs: euphoria, paranoia, dry mouth, tachycardia

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8
Q

Capsaicin

A

class: topical analgesic

MOA: depletes substance P from sensory nerve endings

Use: localized neuropathic pain/arthritis

ADRs: burning sensation at application site

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9
Q

Cefazolin

A

class: first gen cephalosporin

MOA: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Use: prophylaxis and tx of bacterial infections

ADRs: allergic reactions, GI upset

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10
Q

Celecoxib

A

class: Cox-2 selective NSAID

MOA: inhibits cox-2 to reduce inflammation with less GI toxicity

Use: pain/inflammation in OA and RA

ADRs: cardiovascular risks, GI upset

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11
Q

Cetirizine

A

class: second gen antihistamine

MOA: selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms

ADRs: drowsiness (less than first gen), dry mouth

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12
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms

ADRs: sedation, dizziness

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13
Q

Codeine

A

class: weak opioid agonist, antitussive

MOA: converted to morphine via CPY2D6

Use: pain relief for mild-mod pain, also cough suppressant

ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression, constipation

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14
Q

Cromolyn

A

class: mast cell stabilizer

MOA: inhibits mast cell degranulation

Use: prevention of asthma and allergic reactions. EIB.

ADRs: throat irritation, cough

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15
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

class: antitussive

MOA: supresses cough by acting on the medulla

Use: cough suppressant for dry, non-productive cough

ADRs: drowsiness, potential for abuse at high doses

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16
Q

Diclofenac

A

class: NSAID

MOA: non-selective COX inhibitor

Use: pain/inflammation for OA, RA, or other musculoskel conditions

ADRs: GI irritation, photosensitivity

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 receptors

Use: relief of allergy symptoms, motion sickness, insomnia, cough suppressant

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth

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18
Q

Docusate

A

class: stool softener

MOA: reduces stool surface tension

Use: prevent and treat constipation by increasing water absorption in stool

ADRs: diarrhea, mild cramping

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19
Q

Doxylamine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors

Use: short-term tx for insomnia. also helps w/ cold/allergy when used in combo products

ADRs: sedation, dry mouth

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20
Q

Duloxetine

A

class: SNRI

MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, depression. *chronic pain syndromes

ADRs: nausea, dry mouth, hypertension

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21
Q

Enflurane

A

class: inhaled general anesthetic (maintenance anesthetic)

MOA: enhances GABA receptor activity, causing CNS depression

ADRs: respiratory depression, malignant hyperthermia, can cause increased ICP

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22
Q

Etomidate

A

class: intravenous general anesthetic

MOA: enhances GABA receptor activity

Use: induction of general anesthesia

ADRs: pain on injections, myoclonic movements, N/V, seizures

Pt Risks: at high risk of hypotension or with myocardial ischemia

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23
Q

Famotidine

A

class: H2 receptor antagonist

MOA: reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors

Use: treatment of GERD, peptic ulcers, acid reflux

ADRs: headache, dizziness

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24
Q

Fentanyl

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: binds to mu-opioid receptors

Use: severe acute/chronic pain management, used in surgery or cancer

ADRs: respiratory depression, constipation, N/V, pruritus

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25
Q

Filgrastim

A

class: colony-stimulating factor

MOA: Stimulates neutrophil production in bone marrow

Use: prevention and tx of chemo-induced neutropenia

ADRs: bone pain, fever

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26
Q

Fexofenadine

A

class: second gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 histamine receptors

Use: relief of seasonal allergies

ADRs: headache, dry mouth

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27
Q

Fluticasone

A

class: inhaled corticosteroid

MOA: reduces airway inflammation

Use: management of asthma and allergies

ADRs: oral candidiasis, throat irritation

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28
Q

Formoterol

A

class: long acting beta-2 agonis (LABA)

MOA: stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors for prolonged bronchodilation

Use: long-term management of asthma/COPD

ADRs: tremor, headache

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29
Q

Gabapentin

A

class: anticonvulsant

use: SCI/MS, Neuropathic pain

MOA: potentiates the effect of GABA receptors

ADRs: sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia

30
Q

Guaifenesin

A

class: expectorant

MOA: increases hydration of respiratory tract secretions

Use: cough relief by thinning mucus

ADRs: dizziness, nausea

31
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

class: first gen antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 receptors, also has anxiolytic properties

Use: management of anxiety, N/V, allergies. Also can be used as sedative/adjunct for anesthesia

ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth

32
Q

Hydrocodone

A

class: weak opioid agonist

MOA: activates mu-opioids recetors - metabolized to hydromorphone via CYP2D6

Use: management of mod-severe pain

ADRs: constipation, nausea

33
Q

Hydromorphone

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: mu-opioid receptor agonist

Use: severe acute/chronic pain, Cancer or post-op

ADRs: sedation, respiratory depression

34
Q

Ibuprofen

A

class: NSAID

MOA: non-selective COX inhibitor

Use: pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory

ADRs: bleeding risk, GI irritation, nephrotoxicity

35
Q

Indacaterol

A

class: ultra long acting beta 2 agonist (LABA)

MOA: Prolonged beta-2 receptor stimulation for bronchodilation

Use: long-term maintenance of COPD

ADRs: headache, tachycardia

36
Q

Ipratropium

A

class: short acting anticholinergic (SAMA)

MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors in airways to reduce bronchoconstriction

Use: maintenance of COPD / asthma

ADRs: dry mouth, cough

37
Q

Ketamine

A

class: dissociative general anesthetic

MOA: NMDA receptor antagonist

Use: anesthesia for high-risk pts with bronchospasms or hypotension. also for chronic pain/depression

ADRs: increased ICP/IOP, hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting, salivation, delirium INCREASES ICP

38
Q

Lactulose

A

class: osmotic laxative

MOA: draws water into the colon and lowers blood ammonia levels

Use: tx of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

ADRs: flatulence, diarrhea

39
Q

Levalbuterol

A

class: short acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)

MOA: stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors for bronchodilation

Use: relief of acute bronchospasms

ADRs: tremor, tachycardia

40
Q

Lidocaine

A

class: local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic

MOA: blocks sodium channel

Use: local anesthetic, pain relief

ADRs: local irritation, systemic CNS toxicity at high doses

41
Q

Loratadine

A

class: second gen antihistamine

MOA: selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors

Use: relief of seasonal allergies

ADRs: headache, fatigue

42
Q

Methadone

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: Agonist at all opioid receptors, NMDA antagonist, inhibits serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake

Use: mgmt of chronic pain/opioid dependence

ADRs: QT prolongation, respiratory depression

43
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

class: Opioid Antagonist (Peripheral)

MOA: Blocks peripheral opioid receptors to reduce opioid-induced constipation without affecting analgesia

Use: tx of opioid-induced constipation

ADRs: abdominal pain, diarrhea

44
Q

Midazolam

A

class: benzodiazepine (IV general anesthetic)

MOA: potentiate GABA effect at receptors

Use: sedation, anxiolysis, amnesia prior to procedures. induction of anesthesia

ADRs: hypotension, drowsiness, respiratory depression (limited)

45
Q

Montelukast

A

class: leukotriene receptor antagonist

MOA: blocks leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation

Use: long-term management of asthma / prevention of EIB

ADRs: neuropsychiatric events, abdominal pain

46
Q

Morphine

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: Activates mu-opioid receptors

Use: mgmt of severe acute/chronic pain (esp in cancer/palliative care)

ADRs: constipation, respiratory depression, N/V, pruritus

47
Q

Nabumetone

A

class: NSAID

MOA: Converted to an active COX-2 selective inhibitor

Use: pain/inflammation relief in OA and RA

ADRs: GI upset, renal dysfunction, photosensitivity

48
Q

Naloxone

A

class: opioid antagonist

MOA: Competitively binds opioid receptors to reverse opioid effects

Use: emergency tx of opioid overdose - reverses

ADRs: Withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent patients

49
Q

Naproxen

A

class: NSAID

MOA: Non-selective COX inhibitor
**lowest cardiotoxicity risk of all non-aspirin NSAIDs

Use: pain/inflammation relief

ADRs: bleeding risk, GI irritation, nephrotoxicity

50
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Indication: Nausea and vomiting prevention (postoperative, chemotherapy).

MOA: Selective antagonist of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the CNS’ chemoreceptor trigger zone + gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the initiation of the vomiting reflex.

Side effects: Headache, constipation, QT prolongation.

Drug interactions: Increased QT prolongation risk with other medications affecting heart rhythm

51
Q

Oxycodone

A

class: strong opioid agonist

MOA: Activates mu-opioid receptors

Use: mgmt of mod-severe acute/chronic pain

ADRs: constipation, respiratory depresssion

52
Q

Phenylephrine

A

class: alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

MOA: causes vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa

Use: relief of nasal congestion, also for hypotension during surgery

ADRs: hypertension, rebound congestion

causes increase in HR and contractility - avoid in high BP

53
Q

Pregabalin

A

class: anticonvulsant

MOA: Binds to calcium channels, reducing excitatory neurotransmitter release

Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, partial seizures

ADRs: drowsiness, peripheral edema

54
Q

Prednisone

A

class: corticosteroid

MOA: Inhibits cytokine and prostaglandin production

Use: anti-infammatory and immunosuppressant for asthma, RA, lupus, etc

ADRs: weight gain, hyperglycemia

55
Q

Propofol

A

class: intravenous general anesthetic

MOA: potentiates GABA receptor activity

Use: induction/maintenance of general anesthesia sedation

ADRs: injection site pain, hyperlipidemia, hypotension, respiratory depression, propofol infusion syndrome

56
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

class: alpha and beta adrenergic agonist

MOA: Vasoconstricts nasal mucosa and bronchodilates

Use: relief of nasal and sinus congestion

ADRs: tachycardia, insomnia

causes increase in HR and contractility - avoid in high BP

57
Q

Rituximab

A

class: monoclonal antibody

MOA: targets CD20 on B cells, causing cell death

Use: tx of B-Cell malignancies like lymphoma

ADRs: infusion reactions, immunosuppression

58
Q

Rocuronium

A

class: non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (Adjuvants)

MOA: Blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Use: induction of neuromuscular blockade during surgery

ADRs: prolonged paralysis, respiratory depression

59
Q

Salmeterol

A

class: long acting beta-2 agonis (LABA)

MOA: stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors for prolonged bronchodilation

Use: long-term control of asthma/COPD

ADRs: tachycadia, risk of asthma related death when used alone

60
Q

Senna S

A

Indication: Constipation relief

MOA: stimulant laxative

Side effects: Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance.

Drug interactions: May increase potassium loss with diuretics.

61
Q

Succinycholine

A

class: (adjuvants) DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker

MOA: Mimics acetylcholine to cause sustained depolarization and paralysis

Use: induction of neuromuscular blockade during surgery. muscle relaxation.

ADRs: hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia

62
Q

Tapentadol

A

class: opioid analgesic

MOA: Mu-opioid receptor agonist

Use: mgmt of mod-severe acute pain and neuropathic pain

ADRs: nausea, dizzines

63
Q

THC

A

class: cannabinoid

MOA: Partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors

Use: mgmt of CINV and appetite stimulation. Pain mgmt.

ADRs: euphoria, tachycardia

64
Q

Theophylline

A

class: methylxanthine bronchodilator xanthine derivative

MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP

Use: long-term mgmt of asthma/COPD

ADRs: tachycardia, nausea, seizures

65
Q

Thiopental

A

class: barbiturate (general anesthetic) ((IV anesthetic)

MOA: enhances GABA activity via chloride channel binding, causing CNS depression

Use: induction of general anesthesia

ADRs: hangover effect, respiratory depression, bronchospasms, reflex tachycardia

66
Q

Tiotropium

A

class: long acting anticholinergic (LAMA)

MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction

Use: maintenance of COPD and asthma

ADRs: dry mouth, urinary retention

67
Q

Tisagenlecleucel

A

class: CAR-T Cell Therapy

MOA: modifies T cells to target CD19 on cancer cells

ADRs: cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity

68
Q

Tramadol

A

class: weak opioid agonist

MOA: Mu-opioid receptor agonist and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Use: mgmt of mod-severe pain

ADRs: seizures, serotonin syndrome

69
Q

Venlafaxine

A

class: SNRI

MOA: inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Use: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, depression

ADRs: hypertension, withdrawal symptoms

70
Q

Vincristine

A

class: Vinca Alkaloid (Antineoplastic)

MOA: inhibits microtubule formation during mitosis

Use: chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies

ADRs: peripheral neuropathy, constipation

Pharmacology Exam 3 (8 decks)

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