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Respiratory > Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is coryza

A

common cold

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2
Q

what are the main viruses causing coryza

A

adenovirus
coronavirus
rhinovirus

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3
Q

what is sinusitis

A

bacterial/fungal infection causing inflammation of paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

what is the treatment of sinusitis

A

xylometazoline

topical corticosteroid

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5
Q

what is xylometazoline

A

nasal decongestant

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6
Q

what is pharyngitis

A

infection causing reddening of the oropharynx, soft palate and inflammed tonsils

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7
Q

what virus typically causes pharyngitis

A

adenovirus

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8
Q

what is laryngotracheobronchitis and who typically gets it

A

complication of URTIs
causes inflammatory oedema which can affect vocal cords
typically affects children younger than 3yrs old

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9
Q

what are the symptoms of laryngotracheobronchitis

A

hoarseness
stridor
barking cough - croup
progressive airway obstruction

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10
Q

what is epiglottitis and who gets it

A

acute inflammation of the epiglottis
caused my haemophilus influenzae
usually affects children aged 2-7 and can be fatal

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11
Q

treatment of acute epiglottitis

A

endotracheal intubation

IV antibiotics

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12
Q

what are the two types of influenza that affects human

A

influenza A and B

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13
Q

how is influenza spread

A

droplets

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14
Q

symptoms of the flu

A

pyrexia
headache
muscle aches and shivers
sore throat

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15
Q

treatment of the flu

A

bed rest, fluids, anti-virals if severe

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16
Q

what are two types of anti-virals

A

zanavimir and oesltamivir

17
Q

what is acute bronchitis

A

cold thats spread to the chest

causing infection of the bronchi and inflammation

18
Q

what pathogens typically cause acute bronchitis

A

strep. pneumonia

haemophilus influenzae

19
Q

who is at risk of developing acute bronchitis

A

those with bacterial infections of COPD

20
Q

do you treat acute bronchitis with antibiotics

A

no unless they also have chronic lung infection

21
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

over dilatation of the airways causing overproduction of mucus

22
Q

who typically develops bronchiectasis

A

cystic fibrosis patients

23
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the small airways of the lung due to viral infection - more common in children

24
Q

what are the two most common causes of bronchiolitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus

metapneumovirus

25
Q

which strain of the flu is most likely to spread into a pandemic

A

Influenza A

Respiratory (12 decks)

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