Respiratory Infections Flashcards
what is coryza
common cold
what are the main viruses causing coryza
adenovirus
coronavirus
rhinovirus
what is sinusitis
bacterial/fungal infection causing inflammation of paranasal sinuses
what is the treatment of sinusitis
xylometazoline
topical corticosteroid
what is xylometazoline
nasal decongestant
what is pharyngitis
infection causing reddening of the oropharynx, soft palate and inflammed tonsils
what virus typically causes pharyngitis
adenovirus
what is laryngotracheobronchitis and who typically gets it
complication of URTIs
causes inflammatory oedema which can affect vocal cords
typically affects children younger than 3yrs old
what are the symptoms of laryngotracheobronchitis
hoarseness
stridor
barking cough - croup
progressive airway obstruction
what is epiglottitis and who gets it
acute inflammation of the epiglottis
caused my haemophilus influenzae
usually affects children aged 2-7 and can be fatal
treatment of acute epiglottitis
endotracheal intubation
IV antibiotics
what are the two types of influenza that affects human
influenza A and B
how is influenza spread
droplets
symptoms of the flu
pyrexia
headache
muscle aches and shivers
sore throat
treatment of the flu
bed rest, fluids, anti-virals if severe
what are two types of anti-virals
zanavimir and oesltamivir
what is acute bronchitis
cold thats spread to the chest
causing infection of the bronchi and inflammation
what pathogens typically cause acute bronchitis
strep. pneumonia
haemophilus influenzae
who is at risk of developing acute bronchitis
those with bacterial infections of COPD
do you treat acute bronchitis with antibiotics
no unless they also have chronic lung infection
what is bronchiectasis
over dilatation of the airways causing overproduction of mucus
who typically develops bronchiectasis
cystic fibrosis patients
what is bronchiolitis
inflammation of the small airways of the lung due to viral infection - more common in children
what are the two most common causes of bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
metapneumovirus
which strain of the flu is most likely to spread into a pandemic
Influenza A
