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Unit 2 (semester 2) > Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Main epithelium of the conducting portion

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliatedb with goblet cells

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2
Q

What do goblet cells do

A

Produce and secrete mucous

SECOND most numerous cell type

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3
Q

What is the most numerous cells found in respiratory et

A

Ciliated columnar cells

Which move the mucous along

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4
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the anterior dilated portion of the vestibule of the nares?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

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5
Q

What is the function of the nasal conchae

A

Increase surface area

Disrupt air flow

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6
Q

3 shelf like folds: superior middle inferior

What et lines the middle and inferior nasal conchae ?
What lines the superior ?

A

Middle and inferior: respiratory epithelium

Superior: olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

What is olfactory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

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8
Q

Olfactory cells are responsible for sensory reception. Each cell is a aBipolar neuron with an olfactory bulb on its apical surface. Where is the ROUND nucleus found ?

A

In basal half of the cell

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9
Q

Where does the olfactory cell axon project from?

A

From the basal surface and joins other axons below the basal lamina, forming nerve finder bundles in the LAMINA PROPRIA

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10
Q

What other cells are found in the olfactory epithelium

A

Sustentacular cells *most numerous, supporting cells, oval nucleus in the APICAL THIRD OF THE CYTOPLASM

Basal cells, regenerative cells, short, pyramid shaped, found at the base

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11
Q

Olfactory glands also found in olfactory epithelium are also called

A

Bowman’s glands

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12
Q

What do Bowman’s glands produce

A

Sereous secretions to trap and dissolve odors

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13
Q

Where is the secretory portion found ?

Where is the duct found

A

Secretory portion in lamina propria

Duct extends to epithelial surface

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14
Q

How does cilia on the respiratory epithelium move mucous ?

A

Moves it towards the nasal cavity

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15
Q

What organ is responsible for sound production

A

Larynx

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16
Q

What cartilage is found in larynx

A

Hyaline & elastic

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17
Q

What spoon shaped organ is found in the conducting portion and what kind of cartilage

A

Epiglottis , elastic

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18
Q

What position is the epiglottis in during respiration?

During swallowing?

A

Respirating it is in a vertical position and uncovers larynx

Swallowing it covers the larynx in a horizontal position

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19
Q

What portion of the epiglottis is covered by stratified squamous?

A

Lingual portion (or the apical portion closer to the tonsil)

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20
Q

What epithelium is found at the base or the laryngeal surface ?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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21
Q

The false vocal cords are ventricular folds what do they lack?

A

Musculature so they are immovable

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22
Q

The superior part of the false vocal cord is lined with what

A

Respiratory epithelium

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23
Q

The lower or true vocal folds are covered by ?

^* movement of air against the edges of these folds produce sound

A

Stratified squamous et

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24
Q

What are the 4 layers of the trachea?

A

Lumen»» outward

Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage layer
Adventitia

25
Q

What layer is the trachealis muscle found?

A

Cartilage layer.

Smooth muscle, which regulates tracheal lumen size

26
Q

A terminal bronchiole supplies a ..

A

Pulmonary lobule (comprised of multiple respiratory bronchioles)

27
Q

A respiratory bronchiole comprised of a..

A

pulmonary Acini

28
Q

Bronchioles(primary, secondary, tertiary) do not possess cartilage. How big approximately are they?

A

a few millimeters in diameter

29
Q

what marks the end of the conducting system

A

terminal bronchioles

30
Q

how big in diameter are terminal bronchioles?

what kind of epithelium?

A
  • less than 0.5 mm in diameter

- simple cuboidal

31
Q

what cells are found in terminal bronchioles?

A

Clara cells**
Brush cells
DNES cells
Stem cells

32
Q

Clara cells aka Club cells are NON ciliated, but do posess______ & have what functions?

A

microvilli

  • secrete glycosaminoglycans
  • synthesize surfactant
  • synthesis of enzymes for toxin degradation
  • regenerative properties
33
Q

Brush cells are____

DNES cells are____

A

Chemosensory

small granule cells

34
Q

what trigger asthma histologically?

A

degranulation of mast cells

35
Q

3 types of epithelium are found within the bronchioles

A

respiratory epithelium (pseudo ciliated columnar) found in larger bronchioles

as they get smaller it ranges from: simple columnar ciliated to simple cuboidal ciliated

36
Q

The respiratory portion(no longer conducting) of the system contains what

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs and
Alveoli .

37
Q

a Pulmonary lobule contains what

A 
Terminal bronchiole(part of conducting)
Respiratory  bronchioles
Alveolar ducts 
Alveolar sacs 
Alveoli
38
Q

COPD/Emphysema are characterized by a ___ of elastic fibers

A

breakdown

39
Q

Respiratory bronchi have ____ alveoli

A

few

40
Q

does a respiratory bronchi have goblet cells?

A

NO! they have ciliated cuboidal cells & a few NON ciliated Clara cells

41
Q

what is responsible for the sponginess of the lung

A

numerous alveoli

42
Q

Each alveolus has a thin wall for communication with capillaries. what kind of epithelium do they have ?

A

simple squamous

43
Q

what cells are found in the alveolus

A

type I alveolar cells(90% of surface area )
type II alveolar (10%)
alveolar cells are also called type I/type II pneumocytes
… also found in alveolus are macrophages, fibroblasts and mast cells

44
Q

alveolar capillaries contain endothelial cells which are juxtaposed to _____ cells.
endothelial cells on the capillaries secrete____ enzyme

A 
type I alveolar cells
ACE enzyme (angiotensin I>>angiotensin II)
45
Q

Type I pneumocytes are very thin and responsible for gas exchange. Being they are so thin what type of cells would you think they are?

A

simple squamous

46
Q

Type II pneumocytes are also called Greater Alveolar Cells because they are much larger. They are____ cells with a ____ surface

A

cuboidal cells with a domed apical surface

47
Q

Greater alveolar cells have abundant ____ organelles

A

RER & Golgi because they are secretory cells

48
Q

The ultrastructural feature of Type II cells is?

A

Lamellar bodies

49
Q

Lamellar bodies secrete____

A

pulmonary surfactant

50
Q

A unique feature of type II is they can____

A

regenerate both type I and Type II

51
Q

surfactant is released by lamellar bodies via_____.

Surfactant is comprised of _____

A

exocytosis

phospholipids predominately but also proteins

52
Q

surfactant helps to ____ surface tension in alveoli

A

reduce

53
Q

This structure is found between neighboring alveoli_____ & is composed of______

A

Intralveolar septum

elastic and reticular fibers

54
Q

what composes the blood air barrier

oxygen and co2 must diffuse across these layers

A
  1. Alveolar epithelial cells
  2. Basement membrane formed by fusion of epithelial cell basal lamina + capillary endothelial cell basal lamina.
  3. Capillary endothelial cells
55
Q

alveolar macrophages have a special name. They are called____ cells and found in the ______

A

Dust cells

connective tissue of the alveolar septum

56
Q

What do dust cells phagocytose?

A

erthythrocytes from damaged capillaries.

57
Q

arterial branches follow the bronchial tree until it reaches the level of

A

respiratory bronchioles at which it becomes capillary beds

58
Q

pulmonar circulation supplies____ blood

while bronchial circulation ______

A

deoxygenated

perfuses lung tissue with oxygenated blood from systemic

59
Q

pleural cavities are lined by simple squamous called…

A

mesothelium

Unit 2 (semester 2) (5 decks)

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