Respiratory Histology Flashcards by Kiersti Winters

Main epithelium of the conducting portion

Pseudostratified columnar ciliatedb with goblet cells

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What do goblet cells do

Produce and secrete mucous

SECOND most numerous cell type

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What is the most numerous cells found in respiratory et

Ciliated columnar cells

Which move the mucous along

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What kind of epithelium lines the anterior dilated portion of the vestibule of the nares?

Stratified squamous keratinized

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What is the function of the nasal conchae

Increase surface area

Disrupt air flow

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3 shelf like folds: superior middle inferior

What et lines the middle and inferior nasal conchae ?
What lines the superior ?

Middle and inferior: respiratory epithelium

Superior: olfactory epithelium

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What is olfactory epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

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Olfactory cells are responsible for sensory reception. Each cell is a aBipolar neuron with an olfactory bulb on its apical surface. Where is the ROUND nucleus found ?

In basal half of the cell

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Where does the olfactory cell axon project from?

From the basal surface and joins other axons below the basal lamina, forming nerve finder bundles in the LAMINA PROPRIA

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What other cells are found in the olfactory epithelium

Sustentacular cells *most numerous, supporting cells, oval nucleus in the APICAL THIRD OF THE CYTOPLASM

Basal cells, regenerative cells, short, pyramid shaped, found at the base

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Olfactory glands also found in olfactory epithelium are also called

Bowman’s glands

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What do Bowman’s glands produce

Sereous secretions to trap and dissolve odors

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Where is the secretory portion found ?

Where is the duct found

Secretory portion in lamina propria

Duct extends to epithelial surface

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How does cilia on the respiratory epithelium move mucous ?

Moves it towards the nasal cavity

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What organ is responsible for sound production

Larynx

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What cartilage is found in larynx

Hyaline & elastic

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What spoon shaped organ is found in the conducting portion and what kind of cartilage

Epiglottis , elastic

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What position is the epiglottis in during respiration?

During swallowing?

Respirating it is in a vertical position and uncovers larynx

Swallowing it covers the larynx in a horizontal position

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What portion of the epiglottis is covered by stratified squamous?

Lingual portion (or the apical portion closer to the tonsil)

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What epithelium is found at the base or the laryngeal surface ?

Respiratory epithelium

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The false vocal cords are ventricular folds what do they lack?

Musculature so they are immovable

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The superior part of the false vocal cord is lined with what

Respiratory epithelium

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The lower or true vocal folds are covered by ?

^* movement of air against the edges of these folds produce sound

Stratified squamous et

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What are the 4 layers of the trachea?

Lumen»» outward

Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage layer
Adventitia

What layer is the trachealis muscle found?

Cartilage layer. | Smooth muscle, which regulates tracheal lumen size

A terminal bronchiole supplies a ..

Pulmonary lobule (comprised of multiple respiratory bronchioles)

A respiratory bronchiole comprised of a..

pulmonary Acini

Bronchioles(primary, secondary, tertiary) do not possess cartilage. How big approximately are they?

a few millimeters in diameter

what marks the end of the conducting system

terminal bronchioles

how big in diameter are terminal bronchioles? | what kind of epithelium?

- less than 0.5 mm in diameter | - simple cuboidal

what cells are found in terminal bronchioles?

Clara cells** Brush cells DNES cells Stem cells

Clara cells aka Club cells are NON ciliated, but do posess______ & have what functions?

microvilli - secrete glycosaminoglycans - synthesize surfactant - synthesis of enzymes for toxin degradation - regenerative properties

Brush cells are____ | DNES cells are____

Chemosensory | small granule cells

what trigger asthma histologically?

degranulation of mast cells

3 types of epithelium are found within the bronchioles

respiratory epithelium (pseudo ciliated columnar) found in larger bronchioles as they get smaller it ranges from: simple columnar ciliated to simple cuboidal ciliated

The respiratory portion(no longer conducting) of the system contains what

Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs and Alveoli .

a Pulmonary lobule contains what

``` Terminal bronchiole(part of conducting) Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli ```

COPD/Emphysema are characterized by a ___ of elastic fibers

breakdown

Respiratory bronchi have ____ alveoli

few

does a respiratory bronchi have goblet cells?

NO! they have ciliated cuboidal cells & a few NON ciliated Clara cells

what is responsible for the sponginess of the lung

numerous alveoli

Each alveolus has a thin wall for communication with capillaries. what kind of epithelium do they have ?

simple squamous

what cells are found in the alveolus

type I alveolar cells(90% of surface area ) type II alveolar (10%) *alveolar cells are also called type I/type II pneumocytes* ... also found in alveolus are macrophages, fibroblasts and mast cells

alveolar capillaries contain endothelial cells which are juxtaposed to _____ cells. endothelial cells on the capillaries secrete____ enzyme

``` type I alveolar cells ACE enzyme (angiotensin I>>angiotensin II) ```

Type I pneumocytes are very thin and responsible for gas exchange. Being they are so thin what type of cells would you think they are?

simple squamous

Type II pneumocytes are also called Greater Alveolar Cells because they are much larger. They are____ cells with a ____ surface

cuboidal cells with a domed apical surface

Greater alveolar cells have abundant ____ organelles

RER & Golgi because they are secretory cells

The ultrastructural feature of Type II cells is?

Lamellar bodies

Lamellar bodies secrete____

pulmonary surfactant

A unique feature of type II is they can____

regenerate both type I and Type II

surfactant is released by lamellar bodies via_____. | Surfactant is comprised of _____

exocytosis | phospholipids predominately but also proteins

surfactant helps to ____ surface tension in alveoli

reduce

This structure is found between neighboring alveoli_____ & is composed of______

Intralveolar septum | elastic and reticular fibers

what composes the blood air barrier oxygen and co2 must diffuse across these layers

1. Alveolar epithelial cells 2. Basement membrane formed by fusion of epithelial cell basal lamina + capillary endothelial cell basal lamina. 3. Capillary endothelial cells

alveolar macrophages have a special name. They are called____ cells and found in the ______

Dust cells | connective tissue of the alveolar septum

What do dust cells phagocytose?

erthythrocytes from damaged capillaries.

arterial branches follow the bronchial tree until it reaches the level of

respiratory bronchioles at which it becomes capillary beds

pulmonar circulation supplies____ blood | while bronchial circulation ______

deoxygenated | perfuses lung tissue with oxygenated blood from systemic

pleural cavities are lined by simple squamous called...

mesothelium