Respiratory Health Flashcards
What is health?
A state if complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1984)
What environmental factor is regarded as the most influential factor to determine health?
Outdoor air pollution (WHO 2013; Lim et al 2012)
What are the two cavities the nose is divided into?
Internal and external nasal cavity
What is the difference between the left and right lung?
Right side has 3 lobes and the left side has 2 due to the heart
What is the volume of the lungs?
4-6 litres
What is the Weibel Model of Airway?
Shows the journey inspired air takes from the conducting zone into the transitional and respiratory zones
What is Fick’s Law of Diffusion?
Amount of gas that moves across a membrane is proportional to the surface area but inversely proportional to the thickness/blood gas barrier
How can you measure breathing?
- Using a spirometer
- forced vital capacity in 1 second
- Norm = 85% of FVC 1 sec
- COPD patients = 40%
- 70% considered ‘airway obstruction’
- Can do peak flow test
What is RV?
- residual volume
- vol of air that cannot be exhaled
- approx 1litre
What is TV?
- tidal volume
- vol of air moved in a normal breath
What is IRV?
- inspiratory reserve volume
- breath in as much as possible
What is ERV?
- exploratory reserve volume
- breath out as much as possible
What is FVC?
- forced vital capacity
- total volume moved in one breath
What is a peak flow test?
- simple test to measure how fast you can blow air out of your lungs in one breath
- breath out as quickly and head as possible into peak flow meter
- results compared to norm for age, height and gender
Training responses in respiratory health?
- Incr. aerobic enzyme levels of ventilator muscles
- Delays in fatigue
- Reduction in blood lactate
- TV becomes larger
- Breathing rate is reduced
Air pollution is mainly caused by 3 key pollutants
- nitrogen oxides
- ozone
- particulate matter
What are PM2.5 particles linked to?
Linked to CV disease
What is COPD?
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- lung disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interfere with normal breathing and is not fully reversible (WHO, 2016)
Symptoms of COPD
- increasing breathlessness, particularly when active
- a persistent chesty cough with phlegm
- frequent chest infections
- persistent wheezing
Causes of COPD
- smoking
- pollutants - fumes/dust
- Rare genetic condition
What are the 3 main respiratory illnesses?
- COPD
- Asthma
- TB
What is TB?
-bacteria that mainly causes disease in the lungs
Symptoms of TB
- cough
- night sweats
- weight loss
