Respiratory Flash Cards
Identify the main structures included in the respiratory system:
A. Heart, lungs, veins
B. Nose, lungs, kidneys
C. Nose, pharynx, larynx, lungs
D. Mouth, stomach, intestines
The answer is C. Nose pharynx, larynx and the lungs are some of the main structures included in the respiratory system.
Differentiate between the upper and lower respiratory tracts:
A. Upper: larynx to alveoli; Lower: nose to pharynx
B. Upper: trachea to lungs; Lower: nose to pharynx
C. Upper: nose to larynx; Lower: trachea to alveoli
D. Upper: nasal cavity to lungs; Lower: pharynx to diaphragm
The answer is C: Upper: nose to larynx; Lower: trachea to alveoli
What are the two main zones of the respiratory system, and what functions do they serve?
Conducting and respiratory : ventilation and gas exchange
Describe the structural composition of the nasal cavity’s hard palate.
The composition is bone covered by mucous membrane
What are the three regions of the pharynx, and what does each primarily conduct?
Nasopharynx (air), oropharynx (air and food) and laryngopharynx (food)
Which lung contains three lobes, and why does the other have fewer?
A. Left; space for the liver
B. Right; space for the heart
C. Right; space for the stomach
D. Left; smaller lung capacity
The answer is B: Right; space for the heart
What structures make up the respiratory membrane?
The structure that make up the respiratory membrane is the Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and interstitial space.
Name the two types of cells in the alveoli and their primary functions.
Type I pneumocytes cells: gas exchange; Type II pneumocytes cells: produce surfactant
What is the function of the pleural membranes and the pleural cavity?
The function of the pleural membranes and cavities are reducing friction and hold lungs against the thoracic wall
What structural adaptations allow alveoli to facilitate gas exchange efficiently?
A. Thick walls and smooth muscle
B. Elastic fibers and a large surface area
C. Cilia and cartilage rings
D. Goblet cells and rigid structure
B.
The structure that allows alveoli to facilitate gas are the elastic fibers with a large surface area.
Explain the process of pulmonary ventilation and the role of pressure changes.
A. Air moves due to muscle contractions without pressure involvement
B. Air flows from areas of higher to lower pressure
C. Pressure decreases as volume decreases
D. Air flows from low to high pressure regions
B.
The pulmonary ventilation lets the air flow from areas of higher to lower pressure
What is Boyle’s Law, and how does it relate to breathing?
Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
What is the average value in a healthy adult:
A. Total gas exchange; 4 L/min
B. Total air movement; 6 L/min
C. Oxygen uptake; 5 L/min
D. CO2 exhalation; 8 L/min
B. Total air movement; 6 L/min
What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?
A. Enhances mucus production
B. Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
C. Stimulates oxygen diffusion
D. Aids in CO2 exhalation
B.
The surfactant reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
Compare pulmonary and systemic respiration:
A. Pulmonary: external; Systemic: internal
B. Pulmonary: internal; Systemic: external
C. Both involve only oxygen transport
D. Only pulmonary involves gas exchange
A.
Pulmonary: external; Systemic: internal
