Respiratory examination Flashcards
Pursed lipped breathing usually indicates what disease
COPD (obstructive)
Hypercapnia manifests itself on a hand examination with …
Dilated veins
1st web space wasting might indicate …
T1 lesion
What is the main suspect in T1 lesions
Pancoasts tumour (apex lung) (NB: Horners also is a result)
What are the respiratory ∆∆ for finger clubbing (3)
Suppurative lung diseases
Cancer
Intersitial lung disease
There are four main suppurative lung disease. Name them (4)
Cystic fibrosis (pus everywhere)
Brochiectasis (pus in widened tubes)
Abscess (pus in a collection)
Empyema (pus outside of the lungs)
Hypercapnic patient may have a ….. character of pulse
Bounding
Hyperinflative conditions such as COPD have what affect on the crico-sternal distance. There may also be tracheal tug.
Reduced
Asthma may produce a pectus …
Carinatum
A wheeze is due to small airway diseases like (2)
Asthma or COPD
If you hear a crepitation you should ask the pt to … and physiologically normal mucosal secretions ones will clear.
cough
If percussion over an area is dull due to consolidation, the vocal resonance will be …
increased
If percussion over an area is stony dull due to effusion, the vocal resonance will be …
also decreased
A major ∆∆ for effusion will be …
Raised hemidiaphragm
How do you differentiate between a raised hemidiaphragm and pleural effusion
CXR
What can result from a phrenic nerve palsy
Raised hemidiaphragm
If there is an audible gap between inspiration and expiration on ausculation what are you thinking
Bronchial breathing
In bronchial breathing the length of … and … is identical
inspiration and expiration
Loud and blowing can be used to describe what on auscultation
Bronchial breathing
How can you reproduce bronchial breathing on yourself?
Place stethoscope over your trachea
What 2 types of pleural effusion can you get
Transudate
Exudate
Exudative pleural effusion have > or < than 30g/L protein
>
What infections causes exudative effusions
TB
Pneumonia
What inflammatory processes cause exudative effusions
RA
SLE
PE and malignancies cause transudate or exudative effusions
exudative
Transudative effusions are caused by what 4 things (4)
Hypoalbuminaemia
Volume overload
LVF
Meigs syndrome
What is meigs syndrome
A Triad of benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion that resolves after resection of the tumor.
What are the defining characteristics of Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis, myosis and anhydrosis
