Gastrointestinal examination Flashcards
PBC and cholestasis are associated with … levels of lipids
High (tendon xanthomata)
There are 6 causes of Dupytrens contracture, name the drug, the disease and the liver related ones.
CLD
Phenytoin
DM
Palmar Erythema has 4 causes, 3 are related to e2 and 1 is not. Name them.
Increased E2 (CLD, Pregnancy, Hyperthyroidism) RA (unknown MOA)
Clubbing has 4 GI causes.
IBD
cirrhosis
Coeliac
Lymphoma
Thrombocytopenia and reduced clotting factor synthesis may result from CLD. How might this present.
Bruising
IVDU are at increased risk of which Hepatitis’
B and C
A beefy red tongue is a sign of …
B12 (B for Beefy) defiency
An smooth tongue glossitis
Iron folate deficiency
Immunocompromised/suppressed patients may have oral ….
Candidiasis
Crohns may present in the mouth with …
Apthous ulcers
What is mercaptan
A waste product which accumulates in hepatic failure.
What compound is responsible for fetor hepaticus
Mercaptans
… in palpable in the left supraclavicular fossa and is a sign of gastric cancer
Virchows node
What appears only in the distribution of the SVC. What is their characteristic test
Spider naevi
Fill from centre upon depression
What are the ∆∆for gynecomastia (3)
CLD
Teticular failure
Some drugs
Name the 6 F’s associated with abdominal distension
Fat Flatus Foetus Food Fluid Flipping big masses (Ca)
Dilated veins from the umbilicus outwards indicates … and they are named…
Portal hypertension
Caput Medusa
What organ in this exam is differentiated from the kidney by its notch
Spleen
Can you get above the kidney
yes
The … area is more resonant than the … and this help differentiate them.
Kidney
spleen
More than … Litres of fluid is present if there is shifting dullness
1.5L
What might a liver bruit (+palpable liver edge) suggest. The acronym is … (3)
HAT
HCC
AV malformation
TIPSS
Where is erythema nodosum found and what does it look like
Shins
Painful purple raised lesions
What is the pathophysiology of erythema nodosum
inflammation of fat cells
What GI condition is erythema nodosum found in
IBD
What is pyoderma gangrenosum
A necrotic and deep ulcerative condtion
What causes pyoderma gangrenosum (2)
IBD
RA
What is the mneumonic for remembering hepatomegaly ∆∆
The 2Is, 2 Bs and 2 Cs
IIBBCC
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Is stand for
infection
infiltration
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Bs stand for
Blood related
Biliary
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Cs stand for
cancer
congestion
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: infective causes (3)
Viral hepatitis
EBV
Malaria
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: infiltration (2)
Sarcoid
Amyloid
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: blood related (4)
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
myeloproliferative
Haemolytic anaemias
Hepatomegaly ∆∆: Biliary (2)
PBC
PSC
Hepatomegaly ∆∆:Cancer (2)
primary HCC
Metastatic deposits
Hepatomegaly ∆∆:Congestion (3)
RHF
Tricuspid regurgitation
Budd-Chiari
What is the triad that Budd-chiari usually presents with, due to its occlusion of the hepatic vein
abdominal pain
ascites
hepatomegaly
The 3 Ms of Massive splenomegaly
Malaria
Myelofibrosis
cMl
Causes of splenomegaly that are not massive are … (2)
IE
RA
What can cause splenomegaly but not hepatomegaly.
Portal hypertension
Oesophageal varices are a clinical manifesation of … due to the increased collateral circulation due to blood being redirected to areas of lower pressure.
portal hypertension
… and … are two ocular manifestations of IBD
Episcleritis (red + pain)
Conjuctivitis
Amyloidosis is especially common in which IBD
Crohns
UC is likely to affect the biliary area by causing
PSC
There are 6 causes of Dupytrens contracture, name 3 which arent the drug, liver or disease ones.
Familial
trauma
Heavy labour
