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OSCE: examinations > Gastrointestinal examination > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal examination Flashcards

1
Q

PBC and cholestasis are associated with … levels of lipids

A

High (tendon xanthomata)

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2
Q

There are 6 causes of Dupytrens contracture, name the drug, the disease and the liver related ones.

A

CLD
Phenytoin
DM

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3
Q

Palmar Erythema has 4 causes, 3 are related to e2 and 1 is not. Name them.

A 
Increased E2 (CLD, Pregnancy, Hyperthyroidism)
RA (unknown MOA)
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4
Q

Clubbing has 4 GI causes.

A

IBD
cirrhosis
Coeliac
Lymphoma

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5
Q

Thrombocytopenia and reduced clotting factor synthesis may result from CLD. How might this present.

A

Bruising

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6
Q

IVDU are at increased risk of which Hepatitis’

A

B and C

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7
Q

A beefy red tongue is a sign of …

A

B12 (B for Beefy) defiency

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8
Q

An smooth tongue glossitis

A

Iron folate deficiency

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9
Q

Immunocompromised/suppressed patients may have oral ….

A

Candidiasis

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10
Q

Crohns may present in the mouth with …

A

Apthous ulcers

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11
Q

What is mercaptan

A

A waste product which accumulates in hepatic failure.

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12
Q

What compound is responsible for fetor hepaticus

A

Mercaptans

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13
Q

… in palpable in the left supraclavicular fossa and is a sign of gastric cancer

A

Virchows node

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14
Q

What appears only in the distribution of the SVC. What is their characteristic test

A

Spider naevi

Fill from centre upon depression

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15
Q

What are the ∆∆for gynecomastia (3)

A

CLD
Teticular failure
Some drugs

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16
Q

Name the 6 F’s associated with abdominal distension

A 
Fat
Flatus
Foetus
Food
Fluid
Flipping big masses (Ca)
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17
Q

Dilated veins from the umbilicus outwards indicates … and they are named…

A

Portal hypertension

Caput Medusa

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18
Q

What organ in this exam is differentiated from the kidney by its notch

A

Spleen

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19
Q

Can you get above the kidney

A

yes

20
Q

The … area is more resonant than the … and this help differentiate them.

A

Kidney

spleen

21
Q

More than … Litres of fluid is present if there is shifting dullness

A

1.5L

22
Q

What might a liver bruit (+palpable liver edge) suggest. The acronym is … (3)

A

HAT

HCC
AV malformation
TIPSS

23
Q

Where is erythema nodosum found and what does it look like

A

Shins

Painful purple raised lesions

24
Q

What is the pathophysiology of erythema nodosum

A

inflammation of fat cells

25
Q

What GI condition is erythema nodosum found in

A

IBD

26
Q

What is pyoderma gangrenosum

A

A necrotic and deep ulcerative condtion

27
Q

What causes pyoderma gangrenosum (2)

A

IBD

RA

28
Q

What is the mneumonic for remembering hepatomegaly ∆∆

A

The 2Is, 2 Bs and 2 Cs

IIBBCC

29
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Is stand for

A

infection

infiltration

30
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Bs stand for

A

Blood related

Biliary

31
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: what do the 2Cs stand for

A

cancer

congestion

32
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: infective causes (3)

A

Viral hepatitis
EBV
Malaria

33
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: infiltration (2)

A

Sarcoid

Amyloid

34
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: blood related (4)

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia
myeloproliferative
Haemolytic anaemias

35
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆: Biliary (2)

A

PBC

PSC

36
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆:Cancer (2)

A

primary HCC

Metastatic deposits

37
Q

Hepatomegaly ∆∆:Congestion (3)

A

RHF
Tricuspid regurgitation
Budd-Chiari

38
Q

What is the triad that Budd-chiari usually presents with, due to its occlusion of the hepatic vein

A

abdominal pain
ascites
hepatomegaly

39
Q

The 3 Ms of Massive splenomegaly

A

Malaria
Myelofibrosis
cMl

40
Q

Causes of splenomegaly that are not massive are … (2)

A

IE

RA

41
Q

What can cause splenomegaly but not hepatomegaly.

A

Portal hypertension

42
Q

Oesophageal varices are a clinical manifesation of … due to the increased collateral circulation due to blood being redirected to areas of lower pressure.

A

portal hypertension

43
Q

… and … are two ocular manifestations of IBD

A

Episcleritis (red + pain)

Conjuctivitis

44
Q

Amyloidosis is especially common in which IBD

A

Crohns

45
Q

UC is likely to affect the biliary area by causing

A

PSC

46
Q

There are 6 causes of Dupytrens contracture, name 3 which arent the drug, liver or disease ones.

A

Familial
trauma
Heavy labour

OSCE: examinations (9 decks)

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