Respiratory exam

Question 1

Suprasternal notch

Answer 1

Notch above the manubrium, between the clavicles

Question 2

costal angle

Answer 2

meeting point of the lower border of the false ribs with the six of the sternum

Question 3

vertebra prominens

Answer 3

C7, has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process
often times palpable from the skin surface
connects cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

manubriosternal junction

Answer 4

angle of louis

junction between manubrium and sternum

Question 5

AML

Answer 5

anterior median line or midsternal

sagittal line on the anterior of the head and torso

Question 6

MAL

Answer 6

Mid axillary line

Question 7

PML

Answer 7

posterior medial line, or the vertebral line

sagittal line on the posterior of the head to torso

Question 8

Anterior axillary line

Answer 8

forward of the MAL

Question 9

posterior axillary line

Answer 9

back of the MAL

Question 10

midclavicular line

Answer 10

sagittal line centered on the middle of the clavical

Question 11

respiration

Answer 11

process of exchanging gases across respiratory surfaces through diffusion

Question 12

tracheal sounds on Auscut.

Answer 12

harsh, high pitched and intensity, inspiratory = expiratory darth vader sound
heard over the trachea

Question 13

bronchial sounds on Auscut.

Answer 13

over large airways, high pitched and intensity

inspiratory

Question 14

bronchovesicular

Answer 14

mid chest, posteriorly between scapula
moderate pitch and intensity
inspiratory = expiratory

Question 15

vesicular

Answer 15

over healthy lung tissue
low pitch and intensity
inspiratory > expiratory

Question 16

Crackles

Answer 16

discontinuous popping sounds heard primarily during inspiration
-probably due to to excess secretions in small airways

Question 17

Rhonchi

Answer 17

low-pitched, snoring , honking sounds perhaps caused by the rattling of secretions in the large airways
(bronchitis, cystric fibrosis, bronchiectasis)

Question 18

Wheezes

Answer 18

high pitched, musical, continuous

suggest narrowed smaller airways scubas in asthma, COPD, bronchitis

Question 19

Stridor

Answer 19

A wheeze that is entirely or predominantly inspiratory
indicates partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx
-foreign body aspiration, croup

Question 20

pleural friction rub

Answer 20

indicates inflammation/ increased friction of the pleural lignin of the lung.

Question 21

egophony

Answer 21

voice of the goat
bleating quality
E to A changes

Question 22

whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 22

voice of the chest
whispered words have increased intensity an pitch
(pneumonia, fibrosis)

Question 23

bronchophony

Answer 23

Bronchial sounds
spoken words are louder than normal
consolidation of lung tissue
- air space filled with fluid

Question 24

vocal fremitus/resonance

Answer 24

Have pt. say 99 repeatedly during auscultation

• muffled and indistinct sounds = normal
• clarity and increased loudness= bronchophony
• could indicate consolidation of lungs

Question 25

tactile fremitis

Answer 25

have pt. say 99 repeatedly palpable vibrations of the chest tells you about density of lungs

Question 26

A/P ratio

Answer 26

anterior/posterior chest diameter vs. lateral diameter | normal = 0.70-0.75

Question 27

pectus excavatum

Answer 27

sternum indented

Question 28

pectus carinatum

Answer 28

sternum protrusion

Question 29

barrel chest

Answer 29

A/P ratio close to 1.0 | associated with emphysema

Question 30

flail chest

Answer 30

loss of stability of the chest wall when a segment of rib cage breaks and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall and moves independantly

Question 31

scoliosis

Answer 31

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 32

kyphosis

Answer 32

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back

Question 33

gibbus

Answer 33

form of structural kyphosis where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged

Question 34

hemoptysis

Answer 34

coughing up blood

Question 35

orthopnea

Answer 35

shortness of breath when laying flat

Question 36

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 36

sever shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night

Question 37

anterior view of lung where is apex

Answer 37

2-4cm above the inner third of clavical

Question 38

anterior view lungs, where is lower boarder

Answer 38

lower border 6th rib at MCL, 9th rib at MAL

Question 39

posterior view lungs

Answer 39

mostly just lower lobes, T3-T10 or T12 in inspiration

Question 40

right lung division

Answer 40

3 lobes divided by fissures: horizontal dividing superior and middle lobes oblique dividing middle from inferior

Question 41

left lung division

Answer 41

2 lobes divided by an oblique fissure, superior and inferior

Question 42

atelectasis

Answer 42

partial or complete collapse of the lung