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PD Block 2 > Respiratory exam > Flashcards

Respiratory exam Flashcards

1
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

Notch above the manubrium, between the clavicles

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2
Q

costal angle

A

meeting point of the lower border of the false ribs with the six of the sternum

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3
Q

vertebra prominens

A

C7, has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process
often times palpable from the skin surface
connects cervical and thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

manubriosternal junction

A

angle of louis

junction between manubrium and sternum

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5
Q

AML

A

anterior median line or midsternal

sagittal line on the anterior of the head and torso

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6
Q

MAL

A

Mid axillary line

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7
Q

PML

A

posterior medial line, or the vertebral line

sagittal line on the posterior of the head to torso

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8
Q

Anterior axillary line

A

forward of the MAL

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9
Q

posterior axillary line

A

back of the MAL

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10
Q

midclavicular line

A

sagittal line centered on the middle of the clavical

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11
Q

respiration

A

process of exchanging gases across respiratory surfaces through diffusion

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12
Q

tracheal sounds on Auscut.

A

harsh, high pitched and intensity, inspiratory = expiratory darth vader sound
heard over the trachea

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13
Q

bronchial sounds on Auscut.

A

over large airways, high pitched and intensity

inspiratory

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14
Q

bronchovesicular

A

mid chest, posteriorly between scapula
moderate pitch and intensity
inspiratory = expiratory

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15
Q

vesicular

A

over healthy lung tissue
low pitch and intensity
inspiratory > expiratory

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16
Q

Crackles

A

discontinuous popping sounds heard primarily during inspiration
-probably due to to excess secretions in small airways

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17
Q

Rhonchi

A

low-pitched, snoring , honking sounds perhaps caused by the rattling of secretions in the large airways
(bronchitis, cystric fibrosis, bronchiectasis)

18
Q

Wheezes

A

high pitched, musical, continuous

suggest narrowed smaller airways scubas in asthma, COPD, bronchitis

19
Q

Stridor

A

A wheeze that is entirely or predominantly inspiratory
indicates partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx
-foreign body aspiration, croup

20
Q

pleural friction rub

A

indicates inflammation/ increased friction of the pleural lignin of the lung.

21
Q

egophony

A

voice of the goat
bleating quality
E to A changes

22
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

voice of the chest
whispered words have increased intensity an pitch
(pneumonia, fibrosis)

23
Q

bronchophony

A

Bronchial sounds
spoken words are louder than normal
consolidation of lung tissue
- air space filled with fluid

24
Q

vocal fremitus/resonance

A

Have pt. say 99 repeatedly during auscultation

  • muffled and indistinct sounds = normal
  • clarity and increased loudness= bronchophony
  • could indicate consolidation of lungs
25
Q

tactile fremitis

A

have pt. say 99 repeatedly
palpable vibrations of the chest
tells you about density of lungs

26
Q

A/P ratio

A

anterior/posterior chest diameter vs. lateral diameter

normal = 0.70-0.75

27
Q

pectus excavatum

A

sternum indented

28
Q

pectus carinatum

A

sternum protrusion

29
Q

barrel chest

A

A/P ratio close to 1.0

associated with emphysema

30
Q

flail chest

A

loss of stability of the chest wall when a segment of rib cage breaks and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall and moves independantly

31
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

32
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back

33
Q

gibbus

A

form of structural kyphosis where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged

34
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

35
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath when laying flat

36
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

sever shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night

37
Q

anterior view of lung where is apex

A

2-4cm above the inner third of clavical

38
Q

anterior view lungs, where is lower boarder

A

lower border 6th rib at MCL, 9th rib at MAL

39
Q

posterior view lungs

A

mostly just lower lobes, T3-T10 or T12 in inspiration

40
Q

right lung division

A

3 lobes divided by fissures:
horizontal dividing superior and middle lobes
oblique dividing middle from inferior

41
Q

left lung division

A

2 lobes divided by an oblique fissure, superior and inferior

42
Q

atelectasis

A

partial or complete collapse of the lung

PD Block 2 (6 decks)

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