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PD Block 2 > Abdominal exam > Flashcards

Abdominal exam Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary tract

A

27 ft long, mouth to anus

esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine

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2
Q

esophagus

A

posterior to trachea

descends through mediastinal cavity and diaphragm to stomach

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3
Q

stomach

A

lies transversely in upper abdominal cavity, below diaphragm

sections: fundus, body, pylorus

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4
Q

small intestine

A

21 ft long, 3 sections
dudoenum (c shape around the head of pancreas
jejumnum (shortest)
ileum

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5
Q

large intestine

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon

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6
Q

liver

A

RUQ, below diaphragm above gallbladder

  • bile production
  • excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol
  • metabolism, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
  • storage of glycogen, vitamins and minerals
  • synthesis of plasma proteins
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7
Q

pancreas

A

lies behind and beneath the stomach
acing cells produce digestive juices to break down protein/fats/ and carbs
also produces insulin

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8
Q

gallbladder

A

concentrates and stores bile from the liver
releases bile in response to cholecystokinin (duodenum)
bile serves to maintain the alkaline pH of the small intestine

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9
Q

spleen

A

LUQ, above L kidney and below diaphragm
made of white and red pulp
contains a reserve of monocytes
recycles old red blood cells, recycles iron

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10
Q

order of abdominal exam

A

inspect
auscultate (2nd to leave bowel sounds intact)
percuss/palpate

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11
Q

venous return pattern

A

above umbilicus: should be toward head

below umbilicus: should be toward feet

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12
Q

borborygmi

A

long prolonged gurgles indicating peristaltic activity

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13
Q

high pitched tinkles

A

cathedral sounds, suggestive of fluid air under pressure, bowel obstructions

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14
Q

why do rectal and pelvic exam while doing a abdominal exam

A

many possibilities in a differential diagnosis for abdominal pain ca be caused by problems in the genitourinary system.

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15
Q

cullen sign

A

bluish umbilicus indicates intraperitoneal hemorrhage

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16
Q

ballottement

A

palpation technique used to assess an organ or mass

17
Q

grey turner sign

A

bruising between the last rib and the top of th hip, sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage

18
Q

shifting dullness

A

test for ascites, determine area of dullness while patient is supine and on their side

19
Q

murphy’s sign

A

test for gallbladder irritation, similar to palpation for liver, have pt. inhale deeply, if pt. stops half way due to pain = + murphy

20
Q

fluid wave

A

test for ascites: tap one side of abdomen, feel for wave on the other side with patients hand in the middle on the skin of stomach

21
Q

rovsing sign

A

test for appendicitis, palpate LLQ, if causes pain in RLQ = + Rovsing

22
Q

iliopsoas muscle test

A

pt. lift right leg against resistance or place patient on side and stretch psoas, either causes abdominal pain = + psoas sign

23
Q

McBurney sign

A

test for appendicitis/ peritoneal inflammation

located RLQ, pain with palpation = +sign

24
Q

Obturator muscle test

A

pt. supine, right leg raised and bent 90 degree, passively rotate leg in and out = pain = +sign

25
Q

rebound tenderness

A

blumberg sign: test for appendicitis
press gently and deeply in remote area from pain and rapidly withdraw fingers
stabbing pain not at position of hand = +sign

26
Q

CVA tenderness

A

costovertebral angle, blunt percussion over kidneys, pain= + sign

27
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of stool containing visible bright red blood

28
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood, most often caused by bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, upper intestine

29
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

30
Q

melena

A

abnormally dark, tarry stool, containing blood, usually from upper gastrointestinal bleeding

31
Q

globus

A

feeling of lump in throat

32
Q

flatus

A

passing gas

33
Q

singultus

A

hiccup

34
Q

gastroparesis

A

normal peristalsis does not function correctly, causing food to remain in the stomach after eating

35
Q

eructation

A

belching

PD Block 2 (6 decks)

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