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YR6 Images + Instruments > Respiratory Exam > Flashcards

Respiratory Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How does type of cough guide differential?

A

Productive: COPD, CF, Pneumonia, Bronchiectasis
Dry: Asthma + interstitial lung disease

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2
Q

3 conditions a/w WHEEZE

A

COPD
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
(LRT pathology)

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3
Q

2 causes of stridor

A

Inhaled foreign object
Subglottic stenosis
URT pathology

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4
Q

List 6 signs of respiratory distress

A

Tachypnoea
Nasal flaring
Tracheal tug (pulling of thyroid cartilage towards sternal notch in insp). Descent of trachea with insp limiting airflow.
Use of access muscles
Intercostal, subcostal, sternal recession
Pulsus paradoxus

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5
Q

What is indicated by cachexia?

A

Malignancy
End stage lung disease e.g. COPD

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6
Q

4 respiratory causes of clubbing

A

Chronic hypoxia in lung cancer (esp. Squamous cell carcinoma)
Interstitial lung disease
CF
Bronchiectasis

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7
Q

What may cause a plethoric complexion of the face?

A

Polycythaemia secondary to COPD

CO2 retention in T2 respiratory failure

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8
Q

What is the relevance of signs of horners syndrome to a respiratory exam?

A

Occurs when sympathetic trunk is damaged by pathology e.g. tumour in apex (pancoast tumour)

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9
Q

What respiratory pathology can cause a raised JVP?

A

Pulmonary HTN due to COPD/ ILD can cause cor pulmonale leading to raised JVP

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10
Q

5 radiotherapy associated skin changes that may be seen in respiratory exams

A

Xerosis (dry skin)
Scale
Hyperkeratosis (thickened skin)
Depigmentation
Telangiectasia

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11
Q

Describe what causes deviation of the trachea away and towards a pathology

A

Towards: Lobar collapse, Pneumonectomy, Pulmonary fibrosis
Away: Tension pneumothorax, Large pleural effusion

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12
Q

What does this indicate?

A

Lung volume reduction surgery

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13
Q

What is seen here?

A

Healed chest drain incision

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14
Q

What is seen here? What does this indicate?

A

Posterolateral thoracotomy
Lobectomy
Pneumonectomy

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15
Q

What is seen here? What does this indicate?

A

Clamshell/ bilateral anterolateral thoracotomy / transverse sternotomy
Lung transplantation

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16
Q

Give 2 causes of an asymmetrical chest wall

A

Pneumonectomy (e.g. lung cancer)

Thoracoplasty (e.g. tuberculosis)

17
Q

What is Pectus excavatum?

A

Caved-in/ sunken chest

18
Q

What is Pectus carinatum?

A

Protrusion of sternum + ribs
= pigeon chest
Chronic resp disease in childhood

19
Q

What is hyper expansion of the chest? What is it also known as? Which conditions is this seen in?

A

Chest wall wider + taller
Barrel chest
Chronic lung diseases e.g. Asthma + COPD

20
Q

What causes symmetrical reduced chest expansion? How?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Reduces lung elasticity, restricting overall chest expansion

21
Q

Give 3 causes asymmetrical reduced chest expansion

A

Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pleural effusion

22
Q

Give 3 causes of a displaced apex beat

A

RV hypertrophy
Large pleural effusion
Tension pneumothorax

23
Q

What is indicated by dullness to percussion?

A

Increased tissue density:
cardiac dullness
consolidation
tumour
lobar collapse

24
Q

What is indicated to stony dullness on percussion?

A

Pleural effusion

25
Q

What is indicated by hyper-resonance on percussion?

A

Decreased tissue density- pneumothorax

26
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Harsh, pause in-between inspiration + expiration
a/w consolidation

27
Q

What is suggested by quiet breath sounds?

A

Reduced air entry into that region of the lung e.g. pleural effusion, PTX

28
Q

Describe fine end-inspiratory crackles and what conditions they are associated with

A

“separating velcro”
High pitched
best heard at lung bases
Pulmonary fibrosis

29
Q

Describe pleural rub and what conditions they are associated with

A

“walking on snow”
inspiration + expiration
Mesothelioma (asbestos exposure, RA + lupus)
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
Pulmonary infarction

30
Q

What is indicated by increased volume on vocal resonance?

A

Increased tissue density
Consolidation
Tumour
Lobar collapse

31
Q

What is indicated by decreased volume on vocal resonance?

A

Fluid or air outside of the lung
Pleural effusion
PTX

32
Q

List 4 respiratory causes of lymphadenopathy

A

Lung cancer
URTI
Tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis

33
Q

If you hear crepitations what should you do?

A

Ask patient to cough
Note whether creps clear after coughing
Ask patient to lean forward
Note whether creps clear on leaning forward

YR6 Images + Instruments (21 decks)

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