Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Medicine > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What is capnography?

Where can it be measured?

A

Measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide - how much CO2 is released at the end of expiratory breath

Nasal device or hub of ETT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do you intubate?

A

Airway protection
Can’t oxygenate
Can’t ventilate
Expected clinical course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory failure is defined by a PaO2 of what

A

< 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What induction agent won’t cause vasodilation?

When is it used due to this property?

A

Etomidate

Cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two major paralytics?

What do they do?

A

Succinylcholine
Rocuronium

Removes reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the contraindications for succinylcholine?

A
  • Malignant hyperthermia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Burns or other conditions that increase risk of hyperkalemia (renal injury)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A 22-year-old female with a history of asthma presents with acute dyspnea, wheezing, and accessory muscle use. She has decreased breath sounds on the right side and appears in distress. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What imaging should be ordered promptly?

A

Pneumothorax

The signs of acute dyspnea, wheezing, accessory muscle use, and decreased breath sounds on one side, especially in a patient with a history of asthma, are red flags for this condition.

CXR - immediate treatment is indicated with needle decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What patient cohorts should be admitted with a pulmonary contusion?

A

Elderly and Pulmonary Patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who gets transudative PE’s?

A

CHF, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an infusothorax?

A

Complication from a central line of intravenous administration of medications into the pleural space

Also known as a chemothorax, where it is usually chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of pleural effusion is more likely to bilateral?

A

Transudative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common pathogen in bacterial pneumonia?

What are some other bacterial pathogens?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

H. influenza, Mycoplasma pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat pneumonia?

A

Doxycycline for outpatient, immunocompetent host. If complicated, Augmentin or ceftriaxone plus macrolide or fluoroquinalone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some early symptoms of hypoxemia in adults?

What are some late symptoms?

A
  • Restlessness
  • Anxiety
  • Tachypnea/tachycardia

Bradycardia, extreme restlessness, dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some hypoxia symptoms seen in kids?

A
  • Feeding difficulty
  • Inspiratory stridor
  • Nares flare
  • Expiratory grunting
  • Sternal retractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the most commonly used induction agents?

A
  • Ketamine
  • Etomidate
  • Fentanyl
  • Midazolam
  • Propofol
17
Q

What neurologic receptors does Etomidate act?

A

GABA Receptors

18
Q

What induction agent should be used in status epilepticus?

A

Propofol

19
Q

What induction agents are used in a reactive airway?

A

Ketamine or propofol

20
Q

Why is succinylcholine not an ideal agent in renal patients?

A

Contraindicated because they cause hyperkalemia

21
Q

What is the goal with airway support?

A
  • Oxygenation
  • Ventilation
  • Ease the work of breathing
  • Clear secretions
  • Airway protection
22
Q

What are some signs of partial airway obstructions?

What are some immediate interventions?

A
  • Stridor
  • Secretions
  • Snoring
  • Somethin IN the airway (trauma, blood, inhalation)

Reposition (head tilt, jaw thrust), suction, clear obstruction, BVM

23
Q

In critical care practice, how is respiratory failure defined?

A

PaO2 less than 60 mmHg or a PaCO2 value more than 50 mmHg

24
Q

What are symptoms of respiratory distress?

A
  • Difficulty speaking
  • Agitation
  • Tachypneia
  • Hypoxia
  • Silent chest
  • Tripoding
  • AMS
25
Q

Should a patient in respiratory distress be placed supine?

A

No, supine is the position of death

They should be positioned upright

26
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for an x-ray that shows no infiltrates?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • OD
  • Inracardiac Shunt
  • Neuromuscular weakness
  • PE
27
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for a chest x-ray that shows diffuse infiltrates?

A
  • ARDS
  • Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  • Exacerbation of fibrosis
  • Pneumonia
  • Hypersensitivity pneuomonia
  • Acute eosinophilic pneuomia
28
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for a focal infiltrate seen on CXR?

A
  • Obstruction
  • Atelectasis
  • Pneumonia
  • Pulmonary infarction

Emergency Medicine (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions