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Respiratory Emergencies > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Conditions that cause upper airway obstruction

A

Foreign body obstruction
Infection
Trauma

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2
Q

Conditions that cause lower airways obstruction

A

Trauma
Obstructive disease
Increased muscus production
Airway swelling/edema

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3
Q

Conditions that cause chest wall impairment

A

Pneumothorax
Lail Chest
Pleural effusion
Restrictive disease

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4
Q

Conditions that cause neuromuscular impairment

A

Overdose
Lou Gehrig disease(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
CO2 narcosis

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5
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis advancing from the feet

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6
Q

Botulism

A

Caused by Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium
Usually caused by food poisoning or giving infant raw honey
May cause muscle paralysis and can be fatal if breathing muscles are affected

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7
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Dyspnea that comes on suddenly in the middle of the night and is an ominous sign of left sided heart failure

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8
Q

Emphysema

A

Barrel Chest
pursed lip breathing
Pink puffer
Weight loss

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9
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Blue bloater
Obese
Cyanosis
Crackles, wheezes
Prolonged expiration

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10
Q

Hickam’s dictum

A

“Patients can have as many diseases as they damn well please”- John Hickman

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11
Q

Carpopedal spasm

A

Hands and feet in a clawlike position caused from respiratory alkalosis

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12
Q

Old TX for hyperventilation

A

Don’t do this anymore
Paper bag
Partial rb w/o O2

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13
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

Loss of pulses on inhalation

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14
Q

Lung consolidation

A

Fluid accumulation makes lungs firm

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15
Q

Bronchophony

A

Pt says 99 and lungs sound like a hum in a consolidated lung

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16
Q

Egophony

A

pt goes eeee and you hear aaaaaayy, heard over pleural effusion

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17
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

pt whispers and you hear it in the lungs

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18
Q

Single bronchus vibrating

A

monophonic sound

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19
Q

bag pipe lungs

A

polyphonic sound from multiple bronchus vibration

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20
Q

Frothy sputum with a pink tinge

A

Heart failure

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21
Q

Thick sputum

A

Dehydration or antihistamine use

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22
Q

yellow, green, brown sputum

A

Older secretions in various stages of decomposition

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23
Q

clear or white sputum

A

bronchitis

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24
Q

Purulent sputum

A

Infectious process from dead red and white blood cells

25
Q

blood streaked sputum

A

tumor, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, trauma from coughing

26
Q

Chocolate brown skin

A

high levels of methemoglobin from nitrates and certain toxic exposures turn mucous membranes brown

27
Q

Inhaler simp a what

A

Beta 2 agonist

28
Q

x-words at a time

A

x-word dyspnea

29
Q

JVD conditions

A

asthma
COPD
Obstructive lung disease

30
Q

Tactile fremitus

A

Vibrations of the chest

31
Q

What will a fluid-thorax sound like vs a tumor?

A

fluid is hypertympanic
tumor is dull

32
Q

Chronic hypoxia does what?

A

cause digital clubbing

33
Q

What is the diaphragm of the bell for?

A

high pitched sounds

34
Q

What is the bell used for?

A

low pitched sounds

35
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Gradual increasing rate and depth of respiration followed by a gradual decrease of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea
Crescendo and decrescendo
Not ominous unless associated with brainstem insult

36
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Deep, rapid respiration; seen in DKA

37
Q

Biot Respirations

A

also known as Ataxic respirations
Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea
Results from increased ICP; indicates severe brain injury or brainstem herniation

38
Q

Apneustic Respirations

A

Prolonged, gasping inhalation followed by extremely short, ineffective exhalation;
Damage to pneumotaxic center in the brain

39
Q

Agonal gasps

A

Slow, shallow, irregular, or occasional gasping breaths; results from cerebral anoxia
May be seen when heart has stopped but brain continues to send signals to respirations muscles

40
Q

Wheezing

A

Continuous sound as air flows through a constricted LOWER airway. HIGH PITCHED AND INSPIRATION, EXPIRATION, OR BOTH

41
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low pitched
Indicate mucus or or fluid in the larger lower airways

42
Q

Crackles

A

Formerly known as rales
Mucus/fluid in the smaller lower airways
Can clear with coughing
Can be heard when collapsed alveoli open

43
Q

Stridor

A

Foreign body aspiration, infection, swelling, disease, trauma
LOUD HIGH PITCHED SOUND DURING INSPIRATION

44
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

Results from inflammation that causes pleura to thicken
Pain with breathing of movement

45
Q

Central Neuogenic hyperventilation

A

Rapid deep respirations from increased ICP

46
Q

Where do particles of <5mm go?

A

Parenchyma FOREVER

47
Q

Increase in RBC production from chronic hypoxia

A

Polycythemia

48
Q

Right sided heart failure due to the thickening of the blood on from polycythemia

A

Cor polmonale

49
Q

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

A

Pickwickian syndrome

50
Q

Who and when for pneumonia

A

Hippocrates 400 BC

51
Q

Can people with asthma or who have increased mucus production take antihistamines?

A

Absolutely not

52
Q

Pseudomembrane

A

Diphteria

53
Q

Barking cough

A

Croup

54
Q

Unequal swelling in posterior pharynx

A

Peritonsillar absecess

55
Q

Asthma triangle

A

Airway edema
Bronchospasm
Increased mucus production

56
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Sputum production most days of a month for 3 + months for more than 2 years

57
Q

What is auto PEEP

A

Ventilator pushing air into lungs before complete deflation of lungs trapping air

58
Q

Pneumonia distal to blockages

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organzing pneumonia(BOOP)

59
Q

Collapsing of alveoli

A

Atelectasis

Respiratory Emergencies (2 decks)

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