Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
Conditions that cause upper airway obstruction
Foreign body obstruction
Infection
Trauma
Conditions that cause lower airways obstruction
Trauma
Obstructive disease
Increased muscus production
Airway swelling/edema
Conditions that cause chest wall impairment
Pneumothorax
Lail Chest
Pleural effusion
Restrictive disease
Conditions that cause neuromuscular impairment
Overdose
Lou Gehrig disease(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
CO2 narcosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis advancing from the feet
Botulism
Caused by Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium
Usually caused by food poisoning or giving infant raw honey
May cause muscle paralysis and can be fatal if breathing muscles are affected
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Dyspnea that comes on suddenly in the middle of the night and is an ominous sign of left sided heart failure
Emphysema
Barrel Chest
pursed lip breathing
Pink puffer
Weight loss
Chronic Bronchitis
Blue bloater
Obese
Cyanosis
Crackles, wheezes
Prolonged expiration
Hickam’s dictum
“Patients can have as many diseases as they damn well please”- John Hickman
Carpopedal spasm
Hands and feet in a clawlike position caused from respiratory alkalosis
Old TX for hyperventilation
Don’t do this anymore
Paper bag
Partial rb w/o O2
Pulsus Paradoxus
Loss of pulses on inhalation
Lung consolidation
Fluid accumulation makes lungs firm
Bronchophony
Pt says 99 and lungs sound like a hum in a consolidated lung
Egophony
pt goes eeee and you hear aaaaaayy, heard over pleural effusion
Whispered pectoriloquy
pt whispers and you hear it in the lungs
Single bronchus vibrating
monophonic sound
bag pipe lungs
polyphonic sound from multiple bronchus vibration
Frothy sputum with a pink tinge
Heart failure
Thick sputum
Dehydration or antihistamine use
yellow, green, brown sputum
Older secretions in various stages of decomposition
clear or white sputum
bronchitis
Purulent sputum
Infectious process from dead red and white blood cells
blood streaked sputum
tumor, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, trauma from coughing
Chocolate brown skin
high levels of methemoglobin from nitrates and certain toxic exposures turn mucous membranes brown
Inhaler simp a what
Beta 2 agonist
x-words at a time
x-word dyspnea
JVD conditions
asthma
COPD
Obstructive lung disease
Tactile fremitus
Vibrations of the chest
What will a fluid-thorax sound like vs a tumor?
fluid is hypertympanic
tumor is dull
Chronic hypoxia does what?
cause digital clubbing
What is the diaphragm of the bell for?
high pitched sounds
What is the bell used for?
low pitched sounds
Cheyne-Stokes
Gradual increasing rate and depth of respiration followed by a gradual decrease of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea
Crescendo and decrescendo
Not ominous unless associated with brainstem insult
Kussmaul respirations
Deep, rapid respiration; seen in DKA
Biot Respirations
also known as Ataxic respirations
Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea
Results from increased ICP; indicates severe brain injury or brainstem herniation
Apneustic Respirations
Prolonged, gasping inhalation followed by extremely short, ineffective exhalation;
Damage to pneumotaxic center in the brain
Agonal gasps
Slow, shallow, irregular, or occasional gasping breaths; results from cerebral anoxia
May be seen when heart has stopped but brain continues to send signals to respirations muscles
Wheezing
Continuous sound as air flows through a constricted LOWER airway. HIGH PITCHED AND INSPIRATION, EXPIRATION, OR BOTH
Rhonchi
Low pitched
Indicate mucus or or fluid in the larger lower airways
Crackles
Formerly known as rales
Mucus/fluid in the smaller lower airways
Can clear with coughing
Can be heard when collapsed alveoli open
Stridor
Foreign body aspiration, infection, swelling, disease, trauma
LOUD HIGH PITCHED SOUND DURING INSPIRATION
Pleural friction rub
Results from inflammation that causes pleura to thicken
Pain with breathing of movement
Central Neuogenic hyperventilation
Rapid deep respirations from increased ICP
Where do particles of <5mm go?
Parenchyma FOREVER
Increase in RBC production from chronic hypoxia
Polycythemia
Right sided heart failure due to the thickening of the blood on from polycythemia
Cor polmonale
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Pickwickian syndrome
Who and when for pneumonia
Hippocrates 400 BC
Can people with asthma or who have increased mucus production take antihistamines?
Absolutely not
Pseudomembrane
Diphteria
Barking cough
Croup
Unequal swelling in posterior pharynx
Peritonsillar absecess
Asthma triangle
Airway edema
Bronchospasm
Increased mucus production
Chronic bronchitis
Sputum production most days of a month for 3 + months for more than 2 years
What is auto PEEP
Ventilator pushing air into lungs before complete deflation of lungs trapping air
Pneumonia distal to blockages
Bronchiolitis obliterans with organzing pneumonia(BOOP)
Collapsing of alveoli
Atelectasis
