Respiratory embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Separation of respiratory tract

A

Upper and lower

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2
Q

Upper respiratory tract parts

A

nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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3
Q

Lower respiratory tract parts

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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4
Q

When is the respiratory system fully developed

A

After birth (alveolar sacs)

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5
Q

When does the respiratory system start to develop?

A

Begin during week 4, both upper and lower respiratory tract

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6
Q

Where does the respiratory system develop from?

A

The respiratory (laryngothracheal) diverticulum originates from the anterior wall of the foregut

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7
Q

What cells give rise to the internal respiratory epithelium and glands of the lower respiratory tract

A

The endoderm

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8
Q

What cells give rise to the CT, cartilage and smooth muscle of the lower respiratory tract?

A

The splachnic mesoderm (of the foregut)

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9
Q

Respiratory lung buds origin

A

Distal end of the respiratory diverticulum, appear as outpouchings

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10
Q

The respiratory diverticulum separates from the primordial pharynx by :

A

Tracheoesophageal septum, forming the laryngotrachea and the esophagus.

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11
Q

Foregut 3 portions:

A
Upper portion (respiratory diverticulum)
Midgut (distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon & 2/3 of transverse colon)
Hindgut (3/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon & superior portion of rectum)
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12
Q

What is a trachea-esophageal fistula?

A

Incomplete separation or narrowing (atresia) of trachea and esophagus. Septum not formed correctly

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13
Q

Trachea-esophageal fistulas associated with defect in which of the three germ layers?

A

Mesoderm development.

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14
Q

Trachea-esophageal anormalities incidence

A

1/3000 births

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15
Q

Trachea-esophageal fistulas associated with

A

polyhydramnios(too much amniotic fluid) and regurgitate after feeding

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16
Q

The diaphragm develops from 4 embryonic components:

A

Septum transversum
Pleuroperitoneal membranes
Dorsal mesentry of esophagus
Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls

17
Q

The septum transversum grows ____ from the _____ body wall

A

Dorsally (front to back)

ventrolateral

18
Q

Separates which two structures

A

Heart from liver, as it forms the central portion of the diaphragm.

19
Q

The septum transversum is made up of

A

Mesodermal tissue

20
Q

The septum transversum ____ separate thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

does not completly

21
Q

The pericardioperitoneal cannals connect the:

A

Pericardial cavity with the peritoneal cavity

22
Q

The septum fuses with the

A

Dorsal mesentry of the esophagus and the peluroperitoneal membranes.

23
Q

The pleuroperitoneal membrane will

A

Cover the pericardioperitoneal canals separating the pericardium from the peritoneal cavity

24
Q

Innervation of the septum transversum

A

Phrenic nerves

25
Congenital diphragmatic hernias are
deffects of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, the pericardial cannals do not close More common on left side (bochdalek hernia)
26
Lung buds grow and as they grow what happen to the pleural cavities
The pleural cavities become smaller
27
The pericardioperitoneal cannal is the primordia of
The pleura cavities, only differnce is that the pleuropericardial folds separate the pericardium prom the pleura
28
Pleura cavity comes from____ and then forms the____
- Intraembryonic thelom/parietal mesoderm | - Parietal pleura
29
The lung buds are formed by the___, then grow and form the____
- splachnic mesoderm | - visceral pleura
30
Pattering of the lung into 2 primary brochi, which are:
Right (3 secondary bronchi) and left (2 secondary bronchi)
31
Maturation of the lung: pseudoglandular stage (week 5-16) 2 most important events are:
Terminal bronchi are formed, no alveoli
32
Maturation of the lung: canalicular period (weeks 16-26), 2 main events
Each terminal brochiole divide into 2 - 3 respiratory bronchioles With 3-6 alveolar ducts, baby can survive
33
Maturation of the lungs: Alveolar period (8 month to childhood), important event:
Maturation of alveoli and capillaries
34
Maturation of the lungs: Terminal sac period (week 26 to birth), important event:
Terminal sacs(primitive alveoli) form, capillaries close contact