Respiratory embryo

Question 1

Separation of respiratory tract

Answer 1

Upper and lower

Question 2

Upper respiratory tract parts

Answer 2

nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 3

Lower respiratory tract parts

Answer 3

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 4

When is the respiratory system fully developed

Answer 4

After birth (alveolar sacs)

Question 5

When does the respiratory system start to develop?

Answer 5

Begin during week 4, both upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 6

Where does the respiratory system develop from?

Answer 6

The respiratory (laryngothracheal) diverticulum originates from the anterior wall of the foregut

Question 7

What cells give rise to the internal respiratory epithelium and glands of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 7

The endoderm

Question 8

What cells give rise to the CT, cartilage and smooth muscle of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 8

The splachnic mesoderm (of the foregut)

Question 9

Respiratory lung buds origin

Answer 9

Distal end of the respiratory diverticulum, appear as outpouchings

Question 10

The respiratory diverticulum separates from the primordial pharynx by :

Answer 10

Tracheoesophageal septum, forming the laryngotrachea and the esophagus.

Question 11

Foregut 3 portions:

Answer 11

Upper portion (respiratory diverticulum)
Midgut (distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon & 2/3 of transverse colon)
Hindgut (3/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon & superior portion of rectum)

Question 12

What is a trachea-esophageal fistula?

Answer 12

Incomplete separation or narrowing (atresia) of trachea and esophagus. Septum not formed correctly

Question 13

Trachea-esophageal fistulas associated with defect in which of the three germ layers?

Answer 13

Mesoderm development.

Question 14

Trachea-esophageal anormalities incidence

Answer 14

1/3000 births

Question 15

Trachea-esophageal fistulas associated with

Answer 15

polyhydramnios(too much amniotic fluid) and regurgitate after feeding

Question 16

The diaphragm develops from 4 embryonic components:

Answer 16

Septum transversum
Pleuroperitoneal membranes
Dorsal mesentry of esophagus
Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls

Question 17

The septum transversum grows ____ from the _____ body wall

Answer 17

Dorsally (front to back)

ventrolateral

Question 18

Separates which two structures

Answer 18

Heart from liver, as it forms the central portion of the diaphragm.

Question 19

The septum transversum is made up of

Answer 19

Mesodermal tissue

Question 20

The septum transversum ____ separate thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer 20

does not completly

Question 21

The pericardioperitoneal cannals connect the:

Answer 21

Pericardial cavity with the peritoneal cavity

Question 22

The septum fuses with the

Answer 22

Dorsal mesentry of the esophagus and the peluroperitoneal membranes.

Question 23

The pleuroperitoneal membrane will

Answer 23

Cover the pericardioperitoneal canals separating the pericardium from the peritoneal cavity

Question 24

Innervation of the septum transversum

Answer 24

Phrenic nerves

Question 25

Congenital diphragmatic hernias are

Answer 25

deffects of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, the pericardial cannals do not close

More common on left side (bochdalek hernia)

Question 26

Lung buds grow and as they grow what happen to the pleural cavities

Answer 26

The pleural cavities become smaller

Question 27

The pericardioperitoneal cannal is the primordia of

Answer 27

The pleura cavities, only differnce is that the pleuropericardial folds separate the pericardium prom the pleura

Question 28

Pleura cavity comes from____ and then forms the____

Answer 28

• Intraembryonic thelom/parietal mesoderm

- Parietal pleura

Question 29

The lung buds are formed by the___, then grow and form the____

Answer 29

• splachnic mesoderm

- visceral pleura

Question 30

Pattering of the lung into 2 primary brochi, which are:

Answer 30

Right (3 secondary bronchi) and left (2 secondary bronchi)

Question 31

Maturation of the lung: pseudoglandular stage (week 5-16) 2 most important events are:

Answer 31

Terminal bronchi are formed, no alveoli

Question 32

Maturation of the lung: canalicular period (weeks 16-26), 2 main events

Answer 32

Each terminal brochiole divide into 2 - 3 respiratory bronchioles
With 3-6 alveolar ducts, baby can survive

Question 33

Maturation of the lungs: Alveolar period (8 month to childhood), important event:

Answer 33

Maturation of alveoli and capillaries

Question 34

Maturation of the lungs: Terminal sac period (week 26 to birth), important event:

Answer 34

Terminal sacs(primitive alveoli) form, capillaries close contact