Respiratory anatomy Flashcards
The respiratory tract is divided into___
Upper respiratory and Lower respiratory tracts
Upper respiratory tract components:
Nose, nasal cavity and pharynx.
The laryngopharynx:
Connects the upper and lower respiratory portions
The lower respiratory tract compenents are:
Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
The larynx has 3 important components
- Epiglotis (cartilge)
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
The trachea separates in two main bronchi at the level of ___. The name of the bifurcation point is the____
- T4
- Carina
Left main bronchi has ___ lobes that then form___ segmental bronchi
- 2
- 8
The right main bronchi have ___ lobe that then form ___ segmental bronchi
- 3
- 10
Bronchi and bronchioles have ____, while alveoli does not
cartilage
Right lung fissures
Horizontal (upper) and oblique (lower)
Left lung fissures
Oblique
___ main bronchus is wider, shorter and enters the lung more vertically than the ___ main bronchus
Right
Left
Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?
Because the liver pushes the right lung.
Lungs are surrounded by____
pleura (visceral in direct contact and parietal )
The ______ segment is the smallest functional independent regions
bronchopulmonar
Each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by one___ and one___. While the _____ pass intersegmentally.
- segmental bronchi
- pulmonary artery
- tributarie veins
In the hillum, the pulmonary artery goes____, the pulmonary vein goes____ and the bronchi goes___.
- superiorly / anteriorly
- inferiorly
- posteriorly
The _______ is made of a fold in the parietal pleura and maintains elements of the root in position
pulmonary ligament
Right lung impressions (4):
- Vena cava, azygous vein, esophagus and heart
Right lung segments:
Superior lobe (apical, posterior and anterior). Middle lobe (lateral and medial) Inferior lobe (superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal)
Left lungs impressions (4):
Aortic arch, descending aorta, cardiac impression and esophagus
Left lung segments:
Superior lobe (apicoposterior, lingula superior, lingula inferior) Inferior lobe (superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal)
The ____ enters the lobes of the lungs.
visceral pleura
Pleural recesses:
Costomediastinal recess (region overlying the heart) Costodiaphragmatic recess (largest, most important)
Innervation of the visceral pleura is supplied by the___
pulmonary plexus
The pulmonary plexus lies anteriorly and posteriorly to the _____ of the trachea.
bifurcation
The pulmonary plexus is formed by _____ and _____ fibers
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic fibers of the pulmonary plexus are _____ fibers. And are responsible for_____.
- Postganglionic
- Bronchodilation
Parasympathetic fibers from the pulmonary plexus are ____ fibers. And are responsible for ____
- Preganglionic
- Constriction of bronchioles
Muscles of inspiration:
Diaphragm (drops), external intercostals, sclaenes and sternocleidomastoid (elevate ribs)
Muscles of expiration
Internal intercostal muscles (depress ribs) and abdominal muscles (push diaphragm up)
