Respiratory anatomy

Question 1

The respiratory tract is divided into___

Answer 1

Upper respiratory and Lower respiratory tracts

Question 2

Upper respiratory tract components:

Answer 2

Nose, nasal cavity and pharynx.

Question 3

The laryngopharynx:

Answer 3

Connects the upper and lower respiratory portions

Question 4

The lower respiratory tract compenents are:

Answer 4

Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 5

The larynx has 3 important components

Answer 5

• Epiglotis (cartilge)
• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage

Question 6

The trachea separates in two main bronchi at the level of ___. The name of the bifurcation point is the____

Answer 6

• T4

- Carina

Question 7

Left main bronchi has ___ lobes that then form___ segmental bronchi

Answer 7

• 2

- 8

Question 8

The right main bronchi have ___ lobe that then form ___ segmental bronchi

Answer 8

• 3

- 10

Question 9

Bronchi and bronchioles have ____, while alveoli does not

Answer 9

cartilage

Question 10

Right lung fissures

Answer 10

Horizontal (upper) and oblique (lower)

Question 11

Left lung fissures

Answer 11

Oblique

Question 12

___ main bronchus is wider, shorter and enters the lung more vertically than the ___ main bronchus

Answer 12

Right

Left

Question 13

Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?

Answer 13

Because the liver pushes the right lung.

Question 14

Lungs are surrounded by____

Answer 14

pleura (visceral in direct contact and parietal )

Question 15

The ______ segment is the smallest functional independent regions

Answer 15

bronchopulmonar

Question 16

Each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by one___ and one___. While the _____ pass intersegmentally.

Answer 16

• segmental bronchi
• pulmonary artery
• tributarie veins

Question 17

In the hillum, the pulmonary artery goes____, the pulmonary vein goes____ and the bronchi goes___.

Answer 17

• superiorly / anteriorly
• inferiorly
• posteriorly

Question 18

The _______ is made of a fold in the parietal pleura and maintains elements of the root in position

Answer 18

pulmonary ligament

Question 19

Right lung impressions (4):

Answer 19

• Vena cava, azygous vein, esophagus and heart

Question 20

Right lung segments:

Answer 20

Superior lobe (apical, posterior and anterior).
Middle lobe (lateral and medial)
Inferior lobe (superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal)

Question 21

Left lungs impressions (4):

Answer 21

Aortic arch, descending aorta, cardiac impression and esophagus

Question 22

Left lung segments:

Answer 22

Superior lobe (apicoposterior, lingula superior, lingula inferior)
Inferior lobe (superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal)

Question 23

The ____ enters the lobes of the lungs.

Answer 23

visceral pleura

Question 24

Pleural recesses:

Answer 24

Costomediastinal recess (region overlying the heart)
Costodiaphragmatic recess (largest, most important)

Question 25

Innervation of the visceral pleura is supplied by the___

Answer 25

pulmonary plexus

Question 26

The pulmonary plexus lies anteriorly and posteriorly to the _____ of the trachea.

Answer 26

bifurcation

Question 27

The pulmonary plexus is formed by _____ and _____ fibers

Answer 27

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 28

Sympathetic fibers of the pulmonary plexus are _____ fibers. And are responsible for_____.

Answer 28

• Postganglionic

- Bronchodilation

Question 29

Parasympathetic fibers from the pulmonary plexus are ____ fibers. And are responsible for ____

Answer 29

• Preganglionic

- Constriction of bronchioles

Question 30

Muscles of inspiration:

Answer 30

Diaphragm (drops), external intercostals, sclaenes and sternocleidomastoid (elevate ribs)

Question 31

Muscles of expiration

Answer 31

Internal intercostal muscles (depress ribs) and abdominal muscles (push diaphragm up)