Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 BAMS Respiratory Tract > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

how can respiratory drugs be administered

A

topically
inhalation
oral
intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two main classes of drugs used for ventilation that help improve airaway latency

A

bronchodilators

anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do bronchodilators do

A

these dilate the bronchioles, increasing the width of the airway and allowing for more airflow and the better you can ventilate your alveoli the better the gas exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the bronchodilators

A

beta2 agonists

anticholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do the antiinflammatory drugs do

A

Inflammation causes the inner lining of the airway to swell and mucus to be produced making the airway more sensitive to asthma triggers.

Anti-inflammatory medicines help to stop this process and prevent asthma attacks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the anti-inflammatory drugs

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do we prevent mast cell degranulation

A

chromoglycate

leukotriene receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what drugs impair ventilation

A

beta blockers

respiratory depressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the respiratory depressants

A

benzodiazepines

opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do benzodiazepines do

A

these can make a person drowsy and so less keen to breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do opioids do

A

these completely switch off respiratory drive in high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are drugs used to improve gas exchange

A

Respiratory stimulates

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an example of a respiratory stimulant

A

• Theophyllines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does theophylline do

A

these help in the problem of gas exchange as they tend to stimulate the respiratory drive which makes you ventilate more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is oxygen prescribed

A

It is prescribed if it has a greater concentration in room temperature. The aim is increase the pressure gradient to try and improve gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the different types of inhaled drug delivery

A

Meter dose inhaler (MDI)
Breath activated devices include spinhaler or turbohaler.
Spacer devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an MDI

A

this is a ‘puffer’. The drug is suspended in the air and the air gradually moves but as the air moves it slows down and the drug falls out of suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the problem with an MDI

A

The problem with this inhaler is that it produces a high velocity suspension so it does not make it all the way through the airway meaning that a lot of the powder which is sent out as an aerosol ends up settling in the mouth rather than inside the lungs. This can lead to oral fungus infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are breathe activated devices

A

include spinhaler or turbohaler
These are activated by a click which opens a compartment of power and you breathe in causing the powder to be picked up by moving and is carried into the lungs which overcomes the issue of high velocity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do spacer devices do

A

Spacer devices take powder in an aerosol and hold the aerosol in a cannister until the patient is ready to suck it in. this takes away the issue of high velocity while also increasing the concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do spacer devices improve

A

it improves drug delivery and uses a higher concentration of drug than with a puffer alone making it useful for small children and for acute asthma attacks.

22
Q

what are the 2 types of beta agonist

A

short acting

long acting

23
Q

what are short acting beta agonists

A

start working within a couple of minutes. Used for acute asthma attacks.

24
Q

what are the names of the short acting beta agonists

A

salbutamol

terbatuline

25
Q

what is the color of the salbutamol and terbutaline inhalers

A

blue

26
Q

what are the long acting beat agonists

A

salmeterol

27
Q

what color is salmeterol

A

green inhaler

28
Q

what are the routes of administration for the short acting beta agonists

A
  • Inhaled
  • Oral
  • Intravenous
29
Q

what are short acting beta agonists used to treat

A

acute bronchial constriction (acute asthma attacks)

30
Q

what are the long acting beta-agonists

A

They have a slow onset of around 1-2 hours

They last around 12-15 hours but you don’t need to use as often

31
Q

what is the route of administration for long acting beta agonists

A

inhalation

32
Q

what is the purpose of the long acting beta agonists

A

They are used to prevent acute bronchial constriction and they must always be used with an inhaled steroid

33
Q

what is the purpose of anticholinergic

A

They inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves
The also have an additive effect in bronchial dilation and reducing mucus secretion

34
Q

what is an example of an anticholinergic

A

ipratropium

35
Q

what color is ipratropium

A

grey

36
Q

what do corticosteroids do

A

They reduce inflammation in the bronchial walls- they are effective topically or systemically

37
Q

what are examples of corticosteroids

A
  • Beclomethasone (brown inhaler)
  • Budesonide (brown inhaler)
  • Fluticasone (orange inhaler)
  • Mometasone (pink inhaler)
38
Q

what color are beclometahsone and budesonide

A

brown

39
Q

what color is fluticasone

A

orange

40
Q

what color is mometasone

A

pink

41
Q

what should always be taken with long acting beta agonists and why

A

steroids

avoid sudden cardiac death

42
Q

what are compound preparations

A

where the inhaled steroid is prepared with the long acting B agonist in the same puffer

43
Q

what is an example of compound preparations

A

Seretide contains both fluticasone and salmeterol

44
Q

what is chromoglycate

A

drug that stops mast cells degranulating - help prevent asthma attacks.

Like inhaling sand

45
Q

what is an example of a leukotriene inhibitor

A

Montelukast

46
Q

what are montelukast

A

drugs that reduce inflammatory triggers within the airway walls. They inhibit specific inflammatory mediators meaning inflammation cannot proceed so they do not get oedema.

47
Q

what are theophylline

A

used less now. An issue with it was that every manufacturer’s version has a different bioavailability. Need to use the same brand every week otherwise the effect will change.

48
Q

how can oxygen be provided

A

through an oxygen concentrator or a cylinder.

49
Q

what does an oxygen concentrator do

A

removes nitrogen from air. Someone requiring oxygen for a longer period of time would go through too many cylinders so the oxygen concentrator is a good option for them if they do not require that high a concentration of oxygen

50
Q

what are mast cell stabisers

A

chromoglycate

BDS2 BAMS Respiratory Tract (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions