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0. Clinical Pharmacology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 types of beta adrenergic bronchodilators.

Give an example of each.

A 
Short acting (SABA), e.g.
Salbutamol
Long acting (LABA), e.g.
Salmeterol
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2
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of beta adrenergic bronchodilators. (3)

A
  1. Short/long acting beta 2 agonist (SABA/LABA), causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
    a. This causes bronchodilation
  2. Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells and TNF alpha release from monocytes
    a. This reduces airway inflammation
  3. Stimulates cilia action
    a. This increases mucous clearance from the airways
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3
Q

List the indications for short or long acting beta agonists. (2)

A

Asthma

COPD

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4
Q

List the side effects of short/long acting beta agonists. (4)

A

Tremor
Tachycardia
Headache
Sleep disturbances

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5
Q

Describe important pharmacokinetics/dynamics of SHORT acting beta agonists. (1)

What would you tell the patient when prescribing SABAs? (4)

A

IMPORTANT PHARMA INFO:
Spacer may improve drug delivery

PATIENT INFO:
Check inhaler technique
Review need for spacer/nebuliser
Take SABA before exercise in exercise induced asthma
If required more than once daily, treatment needs to be reviewed

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6
Q

Describe important pharmacokinetics/dynamics of LONG acting beta agonists. (1)

What would you tell the patient when prescribing LABAs? (3)

A

IMPORTANT PHARMA INFO:
Slow onset of action

PATIENT INFO:
Report any deterioration in symptoms
Do not exceed stated dose
Seek medical advice when stated dose fails to control symptoms

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7
Q

List 2 examples of anti-muscarinic bronchodilators.

A

Tiotropium

Ipratropium bromide

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8
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of anti-muscarinic bronchodilators. (3)

A
  1. Muscarinic (M3) receptor antagonists, which cause bronchodilation
  2. Reduces mucous secretion
  3. May stimulate cilia action, thereby increasing mucous clearance
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9
Q

List the indications for anti-muscarinic bronchodilators. (3)

A

Asthma
COPD
Rhinitis

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10
Q

List the side effects of anti-muscarinic bronchodilators. (4)

A

Dry mouth
Cough
Constipation
Acute angle closure glaucoma

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11
Q

Describe the important pharmacokinetics/dynamics of anti-muscarinic bronchodilators. (2)

A

Inhaled, therefore poorly absorbed into circulation

Nebulised ipratropium bromide should always be given via mouthpiece to avoid acute angle closure glaucoma

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12
Q

What would you tell the patient when prescribing anti-muscarinic bronchodilators? (2)

A

Good inhaler technique improves efficacy

Cough is relatively common

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13
Q

Give an example of an inhaled corticosteroid.

A

Beclomethasone

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14
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids. (3)

A
  1. Anti-inflammatory effect on airways
  2. Decreased formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines
  3. Up-regulates beta 2 adrenoceptors in airways
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15
Q

List 2 examples of combination therapies where inhaled corticosteroids are combined with LABAs.

A

Seretide

Symbicort

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16
Q

List the indications for inhaled corticosteroids. (2)

A

COPD

Asthma

17
Q

Describe the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids. (3)

A

Oral candidiasis
Adrenal suppression
Osteoporosis

18
Q

Describe important pharmacokinetics/dynamics of inhaled corticosteroids. (2)

What would you tell the patient when prescribing them? (2)

A

May take months to achieve full effect
Spacer improves drug delivery

PATIENT INFO:
Carry a steroid card if on high doses
Increase dose during periods of illness

19
Q

List 4 examples of H1 receptor antagonists.

A

Chlorpheniramine
Desloratidine
Fexofenadine
Hydroxyzine

20
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of H1 receptor antagonists. (1)

A
  1. Inhibits histamine-mediated contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
    a. This causes bronchodilation
21
Q

List 4 indications of H1 receptor antagonists.

A

Anaphylaxis
Hay fever
Urticaria
Sedation

22
Q

List 2 side effects of H1 receptor antagonists.

A

Drowsiness

Tinnitus

23
Q

Describe important pharmacokinetics/dynamics of H1 receptor antagonists. (1)

What would you tell the patient when prescribing them? (2)

A

Renal excretion

PATIENT INFO:
Do not drive
Do not operate heavy machinery

0. Clinical Pharmacology (14 decks)

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