Respiratory drugs Flashcards
What are three categories of antimicrobials that improve clearance of material from the airway by stimulating cough and breaking up mucus?
Expectorants, mucolytics, degestants
Patients with LARGE VOLUME of thick or tenacious mucous secretion.
Which of the following is CORRECT about expectorants, mucolytics, and decongestants?
A. Well-documented in vet med.
B. Guaifenesin has beed used as a expectorant (muscle relaxant) in dogs.
C. Decongestants (phenylephrine) have been used to relieve nasal congestion in horses.
D. Causes dehydration of the airway.
C. Decongestants (phenylephrine) have been used to relieve nasal congestion in horses.
- NOT well-documented.
- Guaifenesin has been used as a expectorant (muscle relaxant) in EQUINE.
- Causes HYDRATION of the airway.
What are the two things you need to consider for antimicrobial therapy?
Infectious agents (bacteria, virus, fungus). Where the infection is (upper airways, lover airway, pleural space).
T/F. Systemic antibiotics are typically used.
True.
When you are giving antibiotics, you have to consider spectrum of activity and distribution of the drug. What does this mean?
Whether is stays in ECF/plasma, interstitial fluid, or alveolar concentration (ELF - epithelial lining fluid).
T/F. Pleural space is harder to reach and may require surgical intervention.
True.
Chest tube placement for flushing for pyothorax.
T/F. Antivirals are often used to more than supportive care and control of secondary bacterial infection.
False.
Antiviral are rarely used. Supportive care and control of secondary bacterial infection important during a viral infection.
Which fungus is treated with ITRACONAZOLE? Which fungus is treated with FLUCONAZOLE? How long is anti-fungal therapy needed?
Blastomycosis = itraconazole
Coccidioidomycosis = fluconazole
May be needed for months (adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy at the beginning of treatment).
Is Glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory) used systemically or locally? What is the route of administration for prednisone/prednisolone? How about Fluticasone (Flovent)?
Systemic!
Prednisone and Prednisolone: oral
Fluticasone: human approved, low bioavailability (locally active)
T/F. NSAIDs are often used in the management of inflammatory airway disease.
False.
NSAIDs are NOT often used in the management of inflammatory airway disease.
How do opioids act as cough suppression (antitussives)? What are two opioids that are commonly used in vet med?
Reduce the sensitivity of the cough-center to afferent stimuli (irritation, stretch) via opioid receptor.
Hydrocodone (Hycodan, Tussigon) and Butorphanol (Torbugesic)
T/F. Butorphanol is often formulated with acetaminophen. Hydrocodone has a high first-pass (lower oral bioavaliability).
False.
Hydrocodone is often formulated with aacetaminophen (potential human product without it).
Butorphanol has a high first-pass (lower oral bioavaliability).
What are the side effects of cough suppressions?
Sedation, constipation, nausea.
What are the two specific drugs that are non-selective beta-adrenergic agonists that act as bronchodilators?
Epinephrine, Isoproterenol
Short term treatment of life-threatening bronchoconstrictions.
Will have beta-1 effects (cardiac).
What are the selective beta-2 agonists (drugs) used for bronchodilators?
Albuterol (Ventolin)
Clenbuterol (Ventipulmin)
Terbutaline (Brethine)
AeroKat, AeroDawg, AeroHippus
