Choice of drug (final exam) Flashcards
Reversal of competitive neuromuscular blockers
Neostigmine
Parasympathomimetic
Indirect (Reversible)
Anticholinesterases
Myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
Parasympathomimetics
Indirect (Reversible)
Anticholinesterases
Tensilon test. Fast acting.
Edrophonium
Parasympathomimetics
Indirect (Reversible)
Anticholinesterases
Differentiate myathenic crisis from cholinergic crisis.
Edrophonium
Parasympathomimetic
Indirect (reversible)
Anticholinesterases
DUMBELLS. Muscarinic effects, nicotinic effects, CNS effect.
Organophosphate toxicity
Parasympathomimetics
Indirect (irreversible)
Anticholinerasterase
Muscarinic effect
Salivation, urination, defecation
Cholinergic effects
Bradycardia, bronchospasm
Nicotinic effects
Muscle tremors, muscle weakness, muscle paralysis
Preferred over atropine in rabbits
Glycopyrrolate
Parasympatholytics
Direct acting
Muscarinic antagonist
Treat cycloplegia (horses) and bradycardia
Atropine
Parasympatholytics
Direct acting
Muscarinic antagonist
Relaxes detrusor muscle.
Oxybutynin and Propantheline
Parasympatholytics
Direct acting
Muscarinic antagonist
All adrenergic receptors. Treat cardiac arrest, local anesthestia.
Epinephrine
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Alpha-1,2, beta-1 agonist. Cardiac arrest. No bronchodilation.
Norepinephrine
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Alpha-1 and beta-1 agonist. Effects depend on dose. Cardiac arrest.
Dopamine
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-1 agonist. Positive inotropic/chronotropic. Short 1/2 life.
Dobutamine
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-1 agonist. Positive inotropic/chronotropic effect. Bronchodilation.
Isoproterenol
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Alpha-1 agonist. Treat hypotension in cats and dogs. Increase peripheral vascular resistance.
Phenylephrine
sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Poke yourself with xylazine.
HYPOtension
Effect of alpha-2 agonist
Inhibition of NE release
Alpha-2 agonist. Least selective. An emetic drug in cats (used more in large animals).
Xylazine
Alpha-2 agonist. Most selective. Commonly used for small animals. More potent vasoconstriction.
Dexmedetomidine
Initial (peripheral) phase: vasoconstriction
Later (central) phase: vasodilation > hypotension.
Alpha-2 agonists
Effects on lungs leading to pulmonary edema in sheep.
Alpha-2 agonists.
Alpha-2 agonists. Standing procedures. Sublingual gel.
Detomidine (sublingual gel), Romifidine
Sedative, muscle relaxation, mild analgesia, biphasic repsonse.
Alpha-2 agonists
Alpha-2 antagonists (Reverse all effects, including any analgsia). IM.
Which drug is the least selective? Which drug is the most selective?
Least selective: Yohimbine and tolazoline
Most selective: Atipamezole
Partitioning agent. Leanness in food animals.
Ractopamine and Zilpaterol
Non-selective beta agonists
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Equine dystocia. Bronchodilation.
Clenbuterol
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-2
Used more in small animals. Uterine relaxation.
Terbutaline
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-2
Bronchodilators, C-section in cattle, navicular disease in horses.
Isoxsuprine
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-2
Aerosol inhaler in horses and cats. Salmeterol (Serevent, Advair).
Albuterol/Salbutamol
Sympathomimetics
Direct acting
Beta-2
Tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, monamine oxidase inhibitor.
Sympathomimetics
Indirect acting
Treat urinary incontinence.
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
Sympathomimetics
Indirect: increase NE (primary) and direct: alpha-1 agonist
Increase BP. Urinary sphincter contraction.
Ephedrine
Sympathomimetics
Indirect: increase NE (primary) and direcT: alpha-1, beta agonist
Urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicity. Pheochromocytoma.
Phenoxybenzamine
Sympatholytic
Direct (Irreversible)
Alpha antagonist
Vasodilation. Urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicity.
Prazosin
Sympatholytics
Direct acting
Alpha-1 antagonist
Treat tachyarrhythmias. Feline hyperthyroidism.
Propanolol
Sympatholytics
Beta-antagonist
Better choice than propanolol with asthma patients.
Atenolol
Sympatholytics
Beta-1 antagonist
Chocolate (Methylxanthine) toxicity.
Metoprolol
Sympatholytics
Beta-1 antagonist
Class III anti-arrythmic.
Sotalol
Sympatholytic
Beta-antagonist
Calming equines (long term stall rest)
Reserpine
Sympatholytics
Indirect acting
Face/tail > limbs > swallowing > abdominal muscles > respiratory muscles
Succinylcholine
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (non-competitive)
Phase I (Ach receptors, prevents complete repolarization). Phase II (Nicotinic receptors, paralysis) IV!
Succinylcholine
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (non-competitive)
Competitive neuromuscular blocker (non-depolarizing) that is unchaged in urine.
Pancuronium
Competitive neuromuscular blocker that spontaneously degrades in plasma.
Atracurium
Competitive neuromuscular blockers that are metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile and urine.
Vecuronium and Rocuronium
Competitive neuromuscular blocker that has a fast onset of action.
Rocuronium
Terminated by sugammadex
Rocuronium
Increase bladder contractility (treat detrusor atopy)
Bethanechol
Parasympathomimetics
Direct acting
Muscarinic agonist
Drug of choice (DOC) for tachyarrhythmias in cats?
Beta-blockers
Treatment of Incomplete AV block.
Atropine
Treatment of myocardial hypertrophy in cats.
Diltiazam
Treatment of hypertension in dogs (indirect vasodilation).
ACE inhibitors
Drug of choice for central diabetes insipidus?
Desmopressin (DDAVP)