Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Mucolytic drugs (2)
Dornase alfa
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Dornase alfa
Mucolytic
Inhalation - nebulizer MOA- Cleavage of extracellular DNA AandE- Reduce mucous viscosity Increase airflow Decreases risk of pulmonary bacterial infections AE- Chest pain Pharyngitis Rash Voice alteration Severe dyspnea Decreased FVC Fever Rhinitis Contra- P/LR - D (precaution, safety unknown)
NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
Mucolytic
Inhalation - nebulizer
Direct instillation - TRACHEOSTOMY
Ophthalmic - nebulizer
MOA- Free sulfhydryl group cleaves disulfide bonds in mucoproteins AandE- Lowers mucous vicosity AE- Stomatitis Bronchospasm Tracheal or bronchial irritation Increased volume of bronchial secretions Rhinorrhea Disagreeable odor
NOT FOR INJECTION
Expectorant drugs (1)
Guaifenesin
Guifenesin
Expectorant
Oral - tablet, caplet, extended-release tablet, syrup
MOA- Irritates gastric mucosa to stimulate respiratory tract secretions
AandE-
Increase respiratory fluid volume
Decrease mucous viscosity
AE- Nephrolithiasis Nausea Vomiting Headache Rash
Contra-
Not for self-medication in cases of persistent or chronic cough
Antitussive drugs (2)
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Codeine
Antitussive
Oral - tablet, solution
Gets converted by hepatic metabolism into morphine
MOA- Agonist at mu opioid receptors in medullary cough center
Action on peripheral cough receptors in proximal airways
AandE- Suppresses cough
AE- Constipation Drowsiness Hypotension Tachycardia Bradycardia Paradoxical CNS stimulation Respiratory depression Seizure Development of psychological or physical dependence Withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation of therapy
Contra-
Schedule II drug
Acute abdominal condition, diarrhea associated with toxins, pseudomembraneous colitis, respiratory depression, acute asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory impairment
P/LR - C (D with long periods, precaution, safety conditional)
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive
Oral - suspension, gelcaps, capsule, syrup, lozenge
MOA- sigma 1-receptor agonist (ER transmembrane protein that modulates Ca signaling through
IP3 receptor)
AandE- Depresses medullary cough center
Decreases sensitivity of cough receptors
Interrupts cough impulse transmission
AE- Nausea Vomiting Constipation Drowsiness Dizziness Sedation Blurred vision Nystagmus
Contra
Concomitant use of MAOIs within 14 days
Serotonin syndrome
P/LR – C (precaution, safety unknown)
Nasal decongestant drugs (3)
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
H1-receptor antagonists
Phenylephrine
Nasal Decongestant
Oral - tablet
Nasal - spray
MOA- STRONG alpha1-adrenoreceptor agonist
weak beta-adrenoreceptor agonist
AandE- Vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa arterioles (thereby limiting vascular leakage and decreasing swelling of nasal mucosal tissue)
AE- Stinging Dryness Rebound congestion Sneezing Burning
Contra-
Cardiovascular disease
Concomitant use of MAOIs within 14 days
P/LR – C (precaution, safety conditional)
Pseudoephedrine
nasal decongestant
Oral - immediate-release tablet, extended release tablet, IMPEDE technology tablet, syrup
MOA- alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonist
AandE- Vasoconstriction, Bronchial relaxation, Increases heart rate and contractility
AE- Tremor Restlessness Insomnia Nausea Vomiting Feeling nervous Hypertension Atrial fibrillation Myocardial infarction Ventricular premature beats Ischemic colitis
Contraindications- Concomitant use of MAOIs within 14 days Cardiovascular disease Newborns Premature infants P/LR – C (precaution, safety conditional)
H1 Receptor Antagonists– 1st Gen
Dimenhydrinate
diphenydramine
olopatadine
promethazine
make you sleepy
H1 Receptor Antagonists– 2nd Gen
ceterizine
fexofenadine
loratadine
