Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic (HTN)
Oral- tablet, capsules MOA- Block Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT A&E- Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in DCT, Produce diuresis, Promote excretion of K and H AE- Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Hyponatremia
Clonidine
Sympatoplegic agent (HTN)
Oral - extended-release suspension, immediate-release tablet, extended release tablet
Transdermal, extended release patch
MOA- partial agonist at alpha1-adrenoreceptors in heart and kidneys
A&E- Prolonged hypotension, Reduced cardiac output,
Decreased renal resistance with maintenance of renal flow
AE: Skin reaction Dry mouth Drowsiness Hypertensive crisis (prevention requires slow withdrawal)
Propranolol
B-blocker//sympatoplegic (HTN)// Class II anti arrhymic
Oral - solution, tablet, extended-release capsule
IV
MOA- Nonselective antagonist of beta-adrenoreceptors in heart and kidney
A&E- Decreased blood pressure and cardiac output
Inhibition of catecholamine-stimulated renin production
Reduction of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity
AE- Bradycardia
Exacerbation of conduction disorders, asthma, peripheral vascular insufficiency or diabetes
Nitroprusside sodium
Direct Vasodilator (HTN)
ROA- IV
MOA- Activates guanylyl cyclase, increasing cGMP, increasing NO, relaxing vascular smooth muscle
A&E- Vasodilation, Decreased blood pressure, Reduction of PVR and venous return
AE- Excessive hypotension
Cyanide poisoning
Captopril
ACE Inhibitor (HTN)
Oral - tablet
MOA- Competitively inhibits ACE peptide transferase, inhibiting RAAS and stimulating kallikrein-kinin system
A&E- Reduction of BP, PVR, angiotensin II and aldosterone
Increases bradykinin
AE- Hyperpkalemia, Severe hypotension, dry cough
Contraindications- P/LR - D in second and third trimesters (precaution)
Losartan
AT receptor blocking agent (HTN)
[ARB]
Oral - tablet
MOA- Inhibits angiotensin II type I receptor on target cell membrane
A&E- Reduction of BP, PVR and aldosterone
AE-Hyperglycemia
Chest pain
cough
Severe hypotension
P/LR - D in second and third trimesters (contraindicated)
Nitroglycerin
(Ischemic Heart Disease)
Oral - extended-release tablet Sublingual - tablet Topical - ointment Transdermal - patch Translingual - spray IV
MOA- Metabolized into NO in vascular smooth muscle resulting in relaxation (cGMP –> dephosphorylation of MLC-K and decrease in Ca2+ –> relaxation)
A&E- Vasodilation, Increased venous capacity, Decreased preload, pulmonary vascular pressure, cardiac output, afterload and blood pressure
AE- orthostatic hypotension, tachy, HA, tolerance
Verapamil
Ca channel blocker (Ischemic Heart Disease)// Class IV antiarrhythmic
Oral - tablet, extended-release tablet, extended-release capsule, IV
MOA- Blocks L-type Ca channels in smooth and cardiac muscle reducing frequency of opening in response to depolarization
A&E- Decreased transmembrane Ca, Long-lasting smooth muscle relaxation, Vasodilation, Reduced contractility and oxygen demand, Decreased SA node firing rate and AV node conduction rate
AE- Ha, gingival hyperplasia, hypotension
Furosemide (LASIX)
Diuretic (Heart Failure)
Oral - solution, tablet, IV MOA- Inhibition of Na+K+Cl- cotransporter in TAL of LOH A&E- Promotes renal excretion of NaCl, H, K, Mg, Ca, Diuresis, Increased renal blood flow, Reduces pulmonary congestion and LV filling pressure AE- Hyperuricemia Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hypomegnesemia Hearing impairment
Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside//positive inotrope (Heart Failure)
Oral - solution, tablet, IV
MOA- Inhibition of Na/K ATPase in cardiomyocytes, Increases Ca2+ intracellularly so more is taken up into SR by SERCA so more Ca2+ availaible during depolarization
A&E- Increased contractility and SV, Decreased conduction and ESV
AE- arrhythmia, cardiac arrest
Ischemic heart disease drugs (2) and their groups
Nitroglycerin - nitrates and nitrites
Verapamil - Ca channel blockers
Heart failure drugs (2) and their groups
Furosemide - Loop or high-ceiling diuretics
Digoxin - cardiac glycosides
Cardiac arrhythmia drugs (4) and their class
Lidocaine - Na channel blockers (class 1) Propranolol - beta-blockers (class 2) Amiodarone - other (class 3) Verapamil - Ca channel blockers (class 4)
Lidocaine
Class I Antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker)
MOA- IV
MOA- Inhibition of activated and inactivated Na channels
A&E- Reduction of Na current, Depression of conduction in depolarized cells, Decreased pacemaker activity
AE- Neurological symptoms, Hypotension, Cardiac arrest, Dysrhythmia
Amiodarone
Class III Antiarrhythmic (Blocks IKr)
ROA- Oral, tablet, IV
MOA- Affects Na, K, Ca channels, Inhibits alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation of cardiac muscle, Blocks IKr
A&E- Prolonged conduction and action potentials
Peripheral vasodilation
AE- Photosensitivity, AV block, CHF
Contra- P/LR - D (avoid during breastfeeding)
Hyperlipidemia drugs (1) and its group
Lovastatin - statins
Lovastatin
Hyperlipid state (statin)
ROA- Oral: tablets, extended release tablet
MOA- Competitive inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in hepatocytes
A&E- Increase of LDL receptors, Reduction of LDL levels and coronary events
AE- Elevation of creatine phosphokinase, Hepatotoxicity, Rhabdomyolysis
Contra- P/LR - Category X
Hemostatic disorder drugs (2) and their groups
Alteplase - thrombolytic
Antihemophilic factor recombinant (Factor VIII) - inhibition of normal bleeding
Alteplase (t-PA)
Thrombolytic (hemostatic disorders)
ROA- IV
MOA- Catalyzes formation of plasmin from fibrin-bound plasminogen
A&E- Breakdown of thrombi, Target thromboemboli
AE- Stroke, Bleeding, Hemorrhage, Cardiovascular complications
Antihemophilic factor recombinant
Hemostatic (inhibition of abnormal bleeding)
ROA- IV
MOA- cofactor for Factor IXa to help convert Factor X to Xa
A&E- Coagulation cascade
AE- Factor VIII inhibitory disorder
