Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Terbutaline
Short acting Beta2 agonist (4-6h)
-Indications: acute treatment of the bronchospasm seen in asthma and COPD
Albuterol
Short acting Beta2 agonist (4-6h)
-Indications: acute treatment of the bronchospasm seen in asthma and COPD
Salmeterol
Longer acting Beta2 agonist (>12h)
-Indications: chronic treatment of the bronchospasm seen in asthma and COPD
Zarfirlukast
Asthma drug. Blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1). Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Montelukast
Asthma drug. Blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1). Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Zileuton
Asthma drug. inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes. Hepatotoxic.
Ipratropium bromide
Asthma drug. Muscarinic antagonist. Competitively blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Also used for COPD.
Tiotropium bromide
Asthma drug. Long acting Muscarinic antagonist. Competitively blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Also used for COPD.
Theophylline
Mathylxanthine asthma drug. Likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting PDE–> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. Usage is limited because of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity). ,etabolized by cyp450. Blocks actions of adenosine.
in low to moderate doses: acts like caffeine
Acute intoxication: abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmias and SEIZURES (main concern!!)
Fluticasone
Asthma drug. Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate NF-kB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory agents. First line for chronic asthma.
Omalizumab
Monoclonal Anti-IgE for anti-inflammatory control in asthma. Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to Fc.
Diphenhydramine
First generation H1 blocker.
USES: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid.
TOXICITY: sedation, Antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
Dimenhydrinate
First generation H1 blocker.
USES: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid.
TOXICITY: sedation, Antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
Chlorpheniramine
First generation H1 blocker.
USES: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid.
TOXICITY: sedation, Antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
Loratadine
Second generation H1 histamine receptor blocker.
USES: allergy
TOXICITY: far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS.
Fexofenadine
Second generation H1 histamine receptor blocker.
USES: allergy
TOXICITY: far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS.
Desloratadine
Second generation H1 histamine receptor blocker.
USES: allergy
TOXICITY: far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS.
Cetirizine
Second generation H1 histamine receptor blocker.
USES: allergy
TOXICITY: far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS.
Guaifenesin
Expectorant–thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex.
N-acetylcysteine
Mucolytic–can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients by disrupting disulfide bonds. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamine receptors). Synthetic codeine analog. Has mild opioid effect when used in excess. Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential. May cause serotonin syndrome if combined with other serotonergic agents.
Pseudoephedrine
MOA: alpha adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants.
USES: reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion; open obstructed Eustachian tubes. Also illicitly used to make methamphetamine.
TOXICITY: hypertension. Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety
Phenylephrine
MOA: alpha adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants.
USES: reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion; open obstructed Eustachian tubes.
TOXICITY: hypertension.
Bosentan
endothelin receptor antagonist. Decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary HTN. Hepatotoxic.
Sildenafil
MOA: inhibits cGMP PDE5 and prolongs vasodilatory effect of NO.
USES: pulmonary HTN. Also for erectile dysfunction.
Epoprostenol
Prostacyclin analog. Direct vasodilatory effect on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds. Inhibits platelet aggregation. Flushing and jaw pain are side effects.
Iloprost
Prostacyclin analog. Direct vasodilatory effect on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds. Inhibits platelet aggregation. Flushing and jaw pain are side effects.
Cromolyn
MOA: inhibits mast cell release of inflammatory mediators.
USES: prophylaxis for seasonal allergies, asthma, aspirin hypersensitivity, exercise-induced asthma
Nedocromil
MOA: inhibits mast cell release of inflammatory mediators.
USES: prophylaxis for seasonal allergies, asthma, aspirin hypersensitivity, exercise-induced asthma
