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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

TOXICITY: increased risk of C. Difficile infection, pneumonia. Hip fractures, decreased serum mg++ with long term use

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1
Q

Cimetidine

A

MOA: reversible inhibitor of histamine binding H2 receptor leading to decreased secretion of acid by parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

TOXICITY: potent inhibitor of CYP450 which increases levels of drugs metabolized by CYPS; also has anti-androgenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males); can cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headaches) and placenta. Both cimetidine and ranitidine decrease renal excretion of creatinine. Other H2 blockers are relatively free of these effects.

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2
Q

Misoprostol

A

MOA: PGE1 analog. increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier and decreases acid production

USES: prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAIDs block PGE1 production); Maitenance of a PDA. Also used to induce labor (ripens cervix).

TOXICITY: diarrhea. Contraindicated in women of childbearing potential (abortificant)

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3
Q

Metoclopramide

A

MOA: D2 receptor antagonist. Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility. Does not influence colon transport time.

USES: diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis; IV form as antiemetic

TOXICITY: Parkinsonian effects. Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea. Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents. Contraindicated in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinsonian disease (D1-receptor blockade)

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4
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

MOA: a combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (anti-inflammatory). Activated by colonic bacteria

USES: mild ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease

TOXICITY: Malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia

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5
Q

Ondansetron

A

MOA: 5-HT3 antagonist (antiemetic) decreases vagal stimulation; blocks binding of serotonin that initiates vomit reflex

USES: control vomiting postoperatively and in patients undergoing chemo

TOXICITY: headache, constipation

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6
Q

Scopolamine

A

Belladonna alkaloid

MOA: muscarinic receptor antagonist

PK: metered 3-day dose; percutaneous absorption, patch must be placed behind ear

USES: prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and recovery from anesthesia and surgery

TOXICITY: dry mouth, drowsiness

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7
Q

Ranitidine

A

MOA: reversible inhibitor of histamine binding H2 receptor leading to decreased secretion of acid by parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

TOXICITY: Both cimetidine and ranitidine decrease renal excretion of creatinine. Other H2 blockers are relatively free of these effects.

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8
Q

Famotidine

A

MOA: reversible inhibitor of histamine binding H2 receptor leading to decreased secretion of acid by parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

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8
Q

Nizatidine

A

MOA: reversible inhibitor of histamine binding H2 receptor leading to decreased secretion of acid by parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

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9
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

TOXICITY: increased risk of C. Difficile infection, pneumonia. Hip fractures, decreased serum mg++ with long term use

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10
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

TOXICITY: increased risk of C. Difficile infection, pneumonia. Hip fractures, decreased serum mg++ with long term use

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11
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

TOXICITY: increased risk of C. Difficile infection, pneumonia. Hip fractures, decreased serum mg++ with long term use

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12
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

USES: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

TOXICITY: increased risk of C. Difficile infection, pneumonia. Hip fractures, decreased serum mg++ with long term use

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13
Q

Bismuth

A

MOA a: bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing bicarbonate secretion to reestablish pH Gradient in the mucous layer

USES: increase ulcer healing, travelers diarrhea

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14
Q

Sucralfate

A

MOA a: bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing bicarbonate secretion to reestablish pH Gradient in the mucous layer

USES: increase ulcer healing, travelers diarrhea

15
Q

Octreotide

A

MOA: long-acting somatostatin analog

USES: acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, and carcinoid tumors

TOXICITY: nausea, cramps, steatorrhea

16
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or bye laying gastric emptying. Can also cause hypokalemia. Overuse can cause constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures

17
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid

Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or bye laying gastric emptying. Can also cause hypokalemia. Overuse can cause hypercalcemia, rebound increased acid. Can chelate and decrease effectiveness of tetracyclines

18
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid

Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or bye laying gastric emptying. Can also cause hypokalemia. Overuse can cause diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest

19
Q

Osmotic laxatives

A

Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose

MOA: provides osmotic load to draw water out. Lactulose also treats hepatic encephalopathy since gut flora degrade it into metabolites (lactic acid and acetic acid) that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+

USES: constipation

TOXICITY: diarrhea, dehydration; may be abused by bulimics

20
Q

Orlistat

A

MOA: inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase leading to decreased breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

USES: weight loss

TOXICITY: steatorrhea, decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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