Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
T or F: Patients undergoing a “Status Asthmaticus” episode will be fully responsive to Bronchodilator treatments alone.
FALSE! Actually unresponsive to just Bronchodilator treatments.
1st line rescue medication for Asthmatics?
SABA’s
What are some SABA drugs?
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Epinephrine
How do SABA’s work?
-Bind Beta 2 Receptors in lungs, thus hyperpolarizing Ca2+ Activated K+ Channels & stimulates release of Ca2+ from Smooth Muscles of the airways.
Major s/e’s of SABA’s?
Cardiovascular Stimulation (Tachycardia, Palpitations, Tremors)
Model SAMA drug?
Ipratropium
How do SAMA’s work?
-Antagonize ACh at Muscarinic Receptors of the airways, thus preventing smooth muscle contraction & inhibiting mucosal secretion.
SAMA’s only work via what delivery system?
Topically
S/E’s of SAMA’s?
Anti-Cholinergic (Cough, Dry Mouth, Headache)
1st line “Controller” meds for Asthmatics?
Inhaled Corticosteroids
Examples of ICS’s?
Beclomethasone
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Budesonide
Ciclesonide
How do ICS’s work?
-Bind GC Receptors, translocate to nucleus, inhibit HAT proteins & upregulate HDAC2 proteins.
S/E’s of ICS’s?
-Oral Thrush
-Hoarse Voice
-Osteoporosis
-Increased Glucose
-Pneumonia
Model LABA’s?
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (ie. Montelukast) have potential therapeutic usefulness with what patient scenario?
Exercise-Induced Asthma
How do LTRA’s work?
-Antagonize Cysteinyl-LT Receptors, which prevents mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction & eosinophil recruitment.
What patients should we avoid giving Theophylline to?
-CV or GI Disease pt.’s (as drug demonstrates significant CV & GI toxicities).
-CYP3A4 / CYP1A2 Inhibitor drugs (as this drug is a substrate for those enzymes & will increase in circulation if co-administered with those drugs).
Model Biologics?
Omalizumab
Mepolizumab
Reslizumab
Benralizumab
Dupilumab
How do drug therapy regimens for COPD pt.’s differ from those of Asthmatic pt.’s?
-SABA’s & LABA’s are scheduled therapies (rather than taken prn).
-ICS’s reserved for End Stages of disease.
Most effective agents for COPD?
SABA’s & LABA’s (slightly more effective than SAMA’s & LAMA’s)
Model Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMA’s) used in the treatment of COPD?
Tiotropium
Glycopyrronium
Umeclidinium
Aclidinium