Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

omalizumab

Answer 1

igE antibodies
sq injection
expensive
decreases severity of asthma exacerbation

Question 2

cromolyn and nedocramil

Answer 2

asthma drugs
inhibit mast cell degranulaiton
used for rhinoconjunctivitis and systemic mastocytosis

Question 3

mepolizumab and reslizumab

Answer 3

anti-IL-5 drugs for eosinophilic asthma

target circulating anti-IL-5

Question 4

benralizumab

Answer 4

anti-IL-5 for eosinophilic asthma

targets IL-5 receptor

Question 5

Fluticasone and Budesonide

Answer 5

steroids for asthma treatment
inhibit NF-kappa B transcription factor (to inhibit cytokine production)
adverse effects- stunts growth in children, hoarseness, candidiasis, osteoperosis

Question 6

albuterol

Answer 6

beta 2 agonist used for asthma, short acting, increases cAMP

Question 7

salmeterol and fomoterol

Answer 7

beta 2 agonists, long acting for asthma

increase cAMP, promoting relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 8

isoproterenol

Answer 8

nonselective beta agonist (1 and 2)
increases cAMP, promotes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
cardiac SEs

Question 9

Theophylline

Answer 9

methylxanthine drug used for asthma, inhibits PDE, inccreasing cAMP, also inhibits adenosine, promotes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. has a narrow therapeutic index

Question 10

montelukast and zafirlukast

Answer 10

leukotriene antagonists
(leukotrienes are made by mast cells and cause secretions and mucosal edema)
inhibition at leukotriene receptor

Question 11

zileuton

Answer 11

leukotriene antagonist for asthma, inhibit at enzyme 5-lipoxygenase
promotes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle in asthmatics

Question 12

ipatropium

Answer 12

muscarinic antagonist for asthma pt, promotes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Question 13

methacholine

Answer 13

AcH agonist used to diagnose asthma

Question 14

which drug classes are used in COPD

Answer 14

beta 2 agonists, antimuscarinic (ipatropium) for acute
long acting beta 2 (salmeterol and fomoterol) and PDE inhibitor (theophylline) for chronic
and antibiotics
steroids used cautiously bc may cause bacterial pnemonia

Question 15

Drugs for pulm htn

Answer 15

Prostacyclin agonists, nitric oxide pathway enhancers, endothelin receptir antagonists

Question 16

Epoprosterenol

Answer 16

Prostacyclin agonist, increases cAMP–>bronchodilation
antiproliferative
antiplatelet
continuous IV infusion

Question 17

Iliprost

Answer 17

prostacyclin agonist, inhaled
increases cAMP to increase bronchodilation
antiplatelet
antiproliferative

Question 18

sildenafil

Answer 18

inhibit cGMP PDE (increase nitric oxide). used for pulm htn

Question 19

tadalafil

Answer 19

inhibit cGMP PDE (increase nitric oxide) used in pulm htn

Question 20

Riociguate

Answer 20

activates guanalyl cyclase increasing Nitric oxide
used in pulmonary htn
contraindicated in pregnancy

Question 21

Dextromorphan

Answer 21

suppresses cough center, used for chronic nonproductive cough

Question 22

Guafenisin

Answer 22

expectorant

Question 23

N-acetylcysteine

Answer 23

expectorant

breaks down disulfide bonds from high amounts of cysteine found in cystic fibrosis

Question 24

pseudophedrine, phenylephrine

Answer 24

nasal decongestants, alpha1 agonists

Question 25

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Answer 25

1st generation H1 blockers, penetrate BBB, block catecholamine reuptake

Question 26

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Answer 26

2nd generation H1 blockers, do not cross BBB, longer DOA than first gens