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respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation and infection of the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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2
Q

type of pneumonia acquired less than 2 days after hospital admission

A

community acquired pneumonia

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3
Q

type of pneumonia acquired more than 2 days after hospital admission

A

hospital-acquired

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4
Q

2 days after endotracheal intubation

A

ventilator associated

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5
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after abnormal entry of gastric section in lower area

A

aspiration

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6
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after altered immune response, hiv, corticosteriod

A

opportunistic

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7
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after bacteria, virus, mycoplas,a

A

bacterial

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8
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after death of portion of lung

A

necrotizing

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9
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after fluid accumulation distal air lung spaces

A

alveolar/acinar pneumonia

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10
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after lung tissue surrounds air space

A

interstitial reticular pneumonia

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11
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after terminal bronchus and alveoli

A

bronchopneumonia

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12
Q

type of pneumonia acquired when there is one or more lobe affected

A

segmental pneumonia

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13
Q

type of pneumonia acquired when 1 or more entire lobe of the lungs affected

A

lobar pneumonia

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14
Q

type of pneumonia acquired 2 lobes of both lungs affected

A

bilateral pneumonia

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15
Q

clinical manifestation of pneumonia

A

high grade fever, chills and productive cough, sputum (rust and purulent)

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16
Q

dx for pneumonia

A

chest x-ray

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17
Q

definitive dx for pneumonia

A

sputum w/culture & sensitivity

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18
Q

drug of choice for pneumonia

A

fluoroquinolones, penicilline, macrolide

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19
Q

ventilation-perfusion mismatch, airflow-blood mismatch which alters air movement o2 intake, gas exchange and lung blood flow

A

respiratory failure

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20
Q

cause of respi failure

A

pre existing medical conditions affecting the lungs

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21
Q

most common rist factor for respi failure

A

lshf

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22
Q

most common s/sx for respi failure

A

hypercapnia, hypoxia, hypoxemia

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23
Q

confirmatory test for dx of respi failure

A

pulse oximetry and abg analysis

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24
Q

collapse of the alveoli caused by obstruction of small airway

A

atelectasis

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25
risk factors for atelectasis
bed ridden, post oop
26
cardinal sign of s/sx of atelectasis
low grade fever, cough w sputum
27
late signs of atelectasis
central cyanosis, hypoxia
28
highly communicable pulmonary disease caused by mycobacetium tuberculi that is airborne
pulmo TB
29
s/sx of pulmo TB
fever, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss and mucopurulent sputum
30
confirmatory dx for pulmo tb
sputum exam
31
screening test for pulmo tb
ppd mantoux test
32
doc for pulmo tb
RIPE: rifamycin, isoniazid, pyrazanamide, ethambutol
33
enlargement of hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart due to pulmo lung disease
cor pulmonale
34
common cause of cor pulmonale
COPD
35
common s/sx of cor pulmonale
dyspnea upon extertion, jnvd, chronic hypoxemia
36
inflammation of the pleural cavity
pleuritis / pleurisy
37
most common risk factors for pleuritis
pneumonia
38
clinical manifestaiton of pleuritis
sharp inspiration chesr pain, friction rub
39
confirmatory dx test for pleuritis
chest x-ray
40
hyperresponsiveness, hyperactivity, chronic inflammation, contraction, constriction and mucosal edema on bronchial airway
bronchial asthma
41
risk factors of bronchial asthma
environmental factor, genetics
42
common clinical manifestation to bronchial asthma
dob, wheezes, dyspnea, dry cough
43
doc for bronchial asthma
hydrocortisone, salbutamol
44
ndx for bronchial asthma
ineffective airway, ineffective breathing
45
presence of atmospheric air pressure in the pleural space
pneumothorax
46
accumulation of air pressure in the pleural space leads to lung collapse
tension pneumothorax
47
blood in pleural space
hemothorax
48
most common risk factor for pneumothorax
chest trauma (stab, gun shot, car accidents)
49
s/sx of pneumothorax
frothy sputum, pleuritic pain, sharp stabbing pain, dyspnea
50
ndx for pneumothorax
ineffective airway
51
pus collection and accumulation in the pleural space
empyema
52
causes of empyema
pneumonia, tb, lung abscess
53
clinical manifestation of empyema
febrile sx, thick opaque foul smelling sputum, pleuritic chest pain
54
dx for empyema
thoracentesis
55
ndx for empyema
risk for infection
56
pus collection and accumulation in the lung parenchyma
lung abscess
57
cause of lung abscess
pneumonia, necrotic lungs, infection
58
s/sx for lung abscess
pleuritic pain, crackles, foul tase/smelling sputum
59
confirmatory dx for lung abscess
ct scan and chest xray
60
abnormal permanent dilation and dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
bronchiectasis
61
main cause of brnchictasis
bacterial lung infection
62
gold standard for bronchiectasis
ct scan and chest x-ray
63
confirmatory dx for bronchiectasis
bronchoscopy
64
s/sx of bronchiectasis
recurrent, productive, chronic cough, purulent sputum, finger club
65
ndx for bronchiectasis
ineffective breathing pattern
66
mainstay doc/tx for bronchiectasis
tobramycin
67
carcinoma or tumor in lung tissue
lung cancer
68
common cause of lung cancer
cough w. sputum
69
tx of choice for lung cancer
methotrexate
70
prolong elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure for more than 24 mmhg
pulmonary artery hypertension
71
most common cause of pulmo artery htn
cough with sputum, chest pain
72
obstruction, blockage, dislodge of pulmo vasculature by embolus, clot, thrombus, fat, air, tumor, plug
pulmo embolism
73
most common cause of pulmo embolism
DVT
74
classic triad of pulmo embolism
hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea
75
definitive dx, gold standard of pulmo embolism
pulmonary angiography
76
ndx for pulmmo embolism
gas exchange, impaired circulation
77
doc for pulmo embolism
anticoagulant (heparin)
78
fluid secretion accumulation in the pleural space, interferes fluid and drainage and lung compression
pleural effusion
79
most common cause of pleural effusion
heart, liver, renal failure
80
confirmatory dx for pleural effusion
chest xray
81
progressive, chronic airflow limitation, chronic air trapping, airway fibrosis, hyper-inflated lungs, inflamed lungs, overinflate lungs, chest hyperexapnsion
copd
82
abnormal permanent enlargement of airways to bronchioles
emphysema
83
confirmatory dx to copd
spirometry
84
most common rf for copd
smoking
85
clinical manifestation for copd
chronic cough, chest barrel shape, chronic dyspnea, chronic sputum
86
meds for cops
bronchodilators, anticholinergic, antibiotics
87
abnormal fluid accumulation in alveoli and lung interstitial space
pulmo edema
88
first tx for pulmo edema
o2 therapy
89
most common rf for pulmo edema
lsfh
90
s/sx for pulmo edema
frothy sputum, dob, sob, suffocation
91
impairs function of sweat glands, saliva, lungs, pancreas, liver, renal, teste
cystic fibrosis
92
rf for cystic fibrosis
hereditary = gene cf
93
common s/sx for cystic fibrosis
sputum (thick, sticky purulent), frequent cough
94
main cause of death for cystic fibrosis
respi failure
95
obstruction, blockage, dislodge of pulmo vasculature by embolus, clot, thrombus, fat, air, tumor, plug
ARDS
96
most common cause for ards
dvt
97
triad for ards
hemoptysis, hypoxemia, chest pain dyspnea
98
definitive dx for ards
pulmo angiography

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