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respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation and infection of the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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2
Q

type of pneumonia acquired less than 2 days after hospital admission

A

community acquired pneumonia

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3
Q

type of pneumonia acquired more than 2 days after hospital admission

A

hospital-acquired

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4
Q

2 days after endotracheal intubation

A

ventilator associated

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5
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after abnormal entry of gastric section in lower area

A

aspiration

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6
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after altered immune response, hiv, corticosteriod

A

opportunistic

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7
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after bacteria, virus, mycoplas,a

A

bacterial

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8
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after death of portion of lung

A

necrotizing

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9
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after fluid accumulation distal air lung spaces

A

alveolar/acinar pneumonia

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10
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after lung tissue surrounds air space

A

interstitial reticular pneumonia

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11
Q

type of pneumonia acquired after terminal bronchus and alveoli

A

bronchopneumonia

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12
Q

type of pneumonia acquired when there is one or more lobe affected

A

segmental pneumonia

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13
Q

type of pneumonia acquired when 1 or more entire lobe of the lungs affected

A

lobar pneumonia

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14
Q

type of pneumonia acquired 2 lobes of both lungs affected

A

bilateral pneumonia

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15
Q

clinical manifestation of pneumonia

A

high grade fever, chills and productive cough, sputum (rust and purulent)

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16
Q

dx for pneumonia

A

chest x-ray

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17
Q

definitive dx for pneumonia

A

sputum w/culture & sensitivity

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18
Q

drug of choice for pneumonia

A

fluoroquinolones, penicilline, macrolide

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19
Q

ventilation-perfusion mismatch, airflow-blood mismatch which alters air movement o2 intake, gas exchange and lung blood flow

A

respiratory failure

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20
Q

cause of respi failure

A

pre existing medical conditions affecting the lungs

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21
Q

most common rist factor for respi failure

A

lshf

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22
Q

most common s/sx for respi failure

A

hypercapnia, hypoxia, hypoxemia

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23
Q

confirmatory test for dx of respi failure

A

pulse oximetry and abg analysis

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24
Q

collapse of the alveoli caused by obstruction of small airway

A

atelectasis

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25
Q

risk factors for atelectasis

A

bed ridden, post oop

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26
Q

cardinal sign of s/sx of atelectasis

A

low grade fever, cough w sputum

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27
Q

late signs of atelectasis

A

central cyanosis, hypoxia

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28
Q

highly communicable pulmonary disease caused by mycobacetium tuberculi that is airborne

A

pulmo TB

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29
Q

s/sx of pulmo TB

A

fever, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss and mucopurulent sputum

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30
Q

confirmatory dx for pulmo tb

A

sputum exam

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31
Q

screening test for pulmo tb

A

ppd mantoux test

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32
Q

doc for pulmo tb

A

RIPE: rifamycin, isoniazid, pyrazanamide, ethambutol

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33
Q

enlargement of hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart due to pulmo lung disease

A

cor pulmonale

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34
Q

common cause of cor pulmonale

A

COPD

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35
Q

common s/sx of cor pulmonale

A

dyspnea upon extertion, jnvd, chronic hypoxemia

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36
Q

inflammation of the pleural cavity

A

pleuritis / pleurisy

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37
Q

most common risk factors for pleuritis

A

pneumonia

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38
Q

clinical manifestaiton of pleuritis

A

sharp inspiration chesr pain, friction rub

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39
Q

confirmatory dx test for pleuritis

A

chest x-ray

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40
Q

hyperresponsiveness, hyperactivity, chronic inflammation, contraction, constriction and mucosal edema on bronchial airway

A

bronchial asthma

41
Q

risk factors of bronchial asthma

A

environmental factor, genetics

42
Q

common clinical manifestation to bronchial asthma

A

dob, wheezes, dyspnea, dry cough

43
Q

doc for bronchial asthma

A

hydrocortisone, salbutamol

44
Q

ndx for bronchial asthma

A

ineffective airway, ineffective breathing

45
Q

presence of atmospheric air pressure in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

46
Q

accumulation of air pressure in the pleural space leads to lung collapse

A

tension pneumothorax

47
Q

blood in pleural space

A

hemothorax

48
Q

most common risk factor for pneumothorax

A

chest trauma (stab, gun shot, car accidents)

49
Q

s/sx of pneumothorax

A

frothy sputum, pleuritic pain, sharp stabbing pain, dyspnea

50
Q

ndx for pneumothorax

A

ineffective airway

51
Q

pus collection and accumulation in the pleural space

A

empyema

52
Q

causes of empyema

A

pneumonia, tb, lung abscess

53
Q

clinical manifestation of empyema

A

febrile sx, thick opaque foul smelling sputum, pleuritic chest pain

54
Q

dx for empyema

A

thoracentesis

55
Q

ndx for empyema

A

risk for infection

56
Q

pus collection and accumulation in the lung parenchyma

A

lung abscess

57
Q

cause of lung abscess

A

pneumonia, necrotic lungs, infection

58
Q

s/sx for lung abscess

A

pleuritic pain, crackles, foul tase/smelling sputum

59
Q

confirmatory dx for lung abscess

A

ct scan and chest xray

60
Q

abnormal permanent dilation and dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

A

bronchiectasis

61
Q

main cause of brnchictasis

A

bacterial lung infection

62
Q

gold standard for bronchiectasis

A

ct scan and chest x-ray

63
Q

confirmatory dx for bronchiectasis

A

bronchoscopy

64
Q

s/sx of bronchiectasis

A

recurrent, productive, chronic cough, purulent sputum, finger club

65
Q

ndx for bronchiectasis

A

ineffective breathing pattern

66
Q

mainstay doc/tx for bronchiectasis

A

tobramycin

67
Q

carcinoma or tumor in lung tissue

A

lung cancer

68
Q

common cause of lung cancer

A

cough w. sputum

69
Q

tx of choice for lung cancer

A

methotrexate

70
Q

prolong elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure for more than 24 mmhg

A

pulmonary artery hypertension

71
Q

most common cause of pulmo artery htn

A

cough with sputum, chest pain

72
Q

obstruction, blockage, dislodge of pulmo vasculature by embolus, clot, thrombus, fat, air, tumor, plug

A

pulmo embolism

73
Q

most common cause of pulmo embolism

A

DVT

74
Q

classic triad of pulmo embolism

A

hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea

75
Q

definitive dx, gold standard of pulmo embolism

A

pulmonary angiography

76
Q

ndx for pulmmo embolism

A

gas exchange, impaired circulation

77
Q

doc for pulmo embolism

A

anticoagulant (heparin)

78
Q

fluid secretion accumulation in the pleural space, interferes fluid and drainage and lung compression

A

pleural effusion

79
Q

most common cause of pleural effusion

A

heart, liver, renal failure

80
Q

confirmatory dx for pleural effusion

A

chest xray

81
Q

progressive, chronic airflow limitation, chronic air trapping, airway fibrosis, hyper-inflated lungs, inflamed lungs, overinflate lungs, chest hyperexapnsion

A

copd

82
Q

abnormal permanent enlargement of airways to bronchioles

A

emphysema

83
Q

confirmatory dx to copd

A

spirometry

84
Q

most common rf for copd

A

smoking

85
Q

clinical manifestation for copd

A

chronic cough, chest barrel shape, chronic dyspnea, chronic sputum

86
Q

meds for cops

A

bronchodilators, anticholinergic, antibiotics

87
Q

abnormal fluid accumulation in alveoli and lung interstitial space

A

pulmo edema

88
Q

first tx for pulmo edema

A

o2 therapy

89
Q

most common rf for pulmo edema

A

lsfh

90
Q

s/sx for pulmo edema

A

frothy sputum, dob, sob, suffocation

91
Q

impairs function of sweat glands, saliva, lungs, pancreas, liver, renal, teste

A

cystic fibrosis

92
Q

rf for cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary = gene cf

93
Q

common s/sx for cystic fibrosis

A

sputum (thick, sticky purulent), frequent cough

94
Q

main cause of death for cystic fibrosis

A

respi failure

95
Q

obstruction, blockage, dislodge of pulmo vasculature by embolus, clot, thrombus, fat, air, tumor, plug

A

ARDS

96
Q

most common cause for ards

A

dvt

97
Q

triad for ards

A

hemoptysis, hypoxemia, chest pain dyspnea

98
Q

definitive dx for ards

A

pulmo angiography

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