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Micro Exam 3 > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Strep Throat

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A 
Purulent abscesses (pus pockets) covering tonsils
Strep pyogenes (bacteria +)
Respiratory droplets
  • MC cause of pharyngitis
  • confused with viral pharyngitis
  • Progress to Scarlet Fever -> rheumatic fever -> endocarditis; or glomerulonephritis
  • MC children 5-15
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2
Q

Scarlet Fever

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

Strawberry red tongue
Strep pyogenes (bacteria +)
Respiratory droplets

AKA Scarletina

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3
Q

Diphtheria

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A 
Pseudomembrane
Corynebacterium diphtheria (bacteria +)
Respiratory droplets or skin contact
  • characteristic palisade arrangement
  • Schick test
  • Treat with antitoxin and antibiotics. Immunization is effective.
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4
Q

Sinusitis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

Pain and pressure of affected sinus
MC Moraxella catarrhalis (bacteria +)
Bacteria in the pharynx spread to the sinuses via the throat

  • More common in adults
  • Neti pots, avoid dairy, adjust
  • also caused by strep pyogenes, haemophilus influenza b, and strep pneumoniae
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5
Q

Otitis Media

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Pain in the ears
  • Strept pneumoniae (bacteria +)
  • Bacteria colonize in ear after cold or other respiratory infection
  • More common in children
  • neti pots, avoid dairy, adjust
  • also caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, staph aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis
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6
Q

Upper Respiratory Diseases:

  • Bacterial (5)
  • Viral (1)
A

Bacterial:

  • Strep throat
  • Scarlet fever
  • Diphtheria
  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis Media

Viral: Common cold

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7
Q

Common cold

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • MC caused by rhinovirus (RNA)
  • 2nd mc coronavirus (RNA)
  • Adenovirus (DNA) also common
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8
Q

Bacterial pneumonias are most serious and most frequent in __________

A

Adults

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9
Q

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Rust colored sputum
-Consolidation
Bacterial replication causes damage to the lungs
-Strept pneumoniae (bacteria +) “The Pneumococcus”
-Inhalation of bacteria
-Typical pneumonia
-Diagnose on chest xray

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10
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Consolidation
(Bacterial replication causes damage to the lungs)
-Possibly asymptomatic
-Mycopasma pneumoniae (bacteria -no cell wall)
-Spread by nasal secretions
-AKA atypical pneumonia or “walking pneumonia”

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11
Q

Klebsiella Pneumonia

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Necrotizing and severe form of pneumonia
-Pneumonia symptoms + think bloody sputum, consolidation
“Currant Jelly Sputum”
-Klebsiella pneumoniae (bacteria -)
-Opportunistic infection, immuno compromised at greatest risk

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12
Q

Other Bacterial pneumonias (4)

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae b
  • Staph aureus
  • Yersinia pestis (pneumonic plague)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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13
Q

Pneumonic plague caused by _______________

A

Yersinia pestis

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14
Q

Ornithosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Flu-like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
  • Chlamydophila psittaci (bacteria -)
  • AKA Psittacosis
  • Huffing poop and beak to mouth

-inhalation of aerosolized feces/respiratory secretions, ingested from fingers/vomited that have contacted infected birds, direct beak-to-mouth contact

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15
Q

Legionnaires’ Disease

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Fever, chills, HA, cough, pneumonia
-Legionella pneumophila (bacteria -)
Also causes PONTIAC FEVER
(non fatal, like legionnaires but without pneumonia)
-Inhale bacteria in aerosols from water sources
-elderly, smokers, immunocompromised (basically veterans)
-Legion vets drive pontiacs and use humidifiers

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16
Q

Tuberculosis

  • 3 types is symptomatic
  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Primary:
    • tubercles (hard calcified nodules in lung)
    • Ghon’s complex (tubercles + calcification of lymph node)
    • Caseous necrosis (cheese-like lung tissue)
    • Typically in children
  • Secondary:
    • Common in immuno suppressed
  • Disseminated
    • TB spread thought body
    • “consumption” (wasting of body at multiple sites)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria acid-fast)
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Pott’s disease = TB of the spine
  • TB is the leading killer of HIV+ people
  • Re-emerging disease
  • tuberculin skin test, chest xray
17
Q

Pertussis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-WHOOPING COUGH
-4 phases:
Incubation (no symptoms)
Catarrhal (Rhinorrhea, sneezing, malaise, fever)
Paroxysmal (Repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, exhaustion)
Convalescent (diminishing cough, possible 2ndary complications)
-Bordetella pertussis (bacteria -)
-inhalation highly contagious
-re-emerging disease, children

18
Q

Epiglottitis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • TRIPOD POSITION to breath
  • Haemophilus influenza B (bacteria -)
  • Direct contact, droplet inhalation
  • Medical emergency, requires immediate medical help
19
Q

Inhalational Anthrax

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Flu/cold symptoms progress to shock and death
  • Bacillus anthracis (gram +) ENDOSPORE FORMING
  • inhalation of endospores
  • not spread person to person
  • Almost 100% mortality rate, 50% with treatment
  • Rare in humans Category A bioterrorist threat
20
Q

Influenza

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Sudden fever, pharyngitis, cold-like
  • Influenza virus (orthomyxovirus) Types A and B (RNA)
  • inhalation or self innoculation
  • Anti-viral meds must be administered within first 48 hrs
  • Virus changes via antigenic drift or antigenic shift
21
Q

Bronchitis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-cold symptoms, low fever, wheezing
-90% caused by virus
rhinovirus, adenovirus, flu
-10% caused by bacteria
M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, B. pertussis
- person to person via direct and indirect contact

22
Q

SARS
(severe acute respiratory syndrome)

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-high fever, pneumonia
-coronavirus (RNA)
-Large droplets from upper resp. tract
-aka SARS virus
-no treatment, requires BSL3
biosafety level 3

23
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • “tight” wheezing cough
  • Can be fatal. Bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing.
  • Emergency treatment needed
  • Bronchiolitis = fatal infxn
  • RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) -pneumovirus
  • fomites, hands, resp droplets
  • MC childhood resp disease
24
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • flu-like, widespread inflammation, often FATAL
  • Hantavirus (RNA)
  • Huffing mouse poop/pee
  • BSL4
  • emerging disease, no treatment
25
Q

Croup

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • SEAL BARK COUGH
  • Parainfluenza virus
  • Resp droplets, contact
  • Children particularly susceptible
26
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • AKA San Joaquin Valley Fever
  • looks like pneumonia or TB
  • subcutaneous lesions
  • forms spherules in lungs (diagnosed on xray)
  • Coccidioides immitis (fungus)
  • inhalation
  • Dust that coats materials (native american pots and blankets)
  • SW US and N Mexico
  • Fatal if it spreads to CNS without treatment
27
Q

Blastomycosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Aka Gilchrist’s disease
  • Asymptomatic or flu-like
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis (fungus)
  • spore inhilation in dust
  • emerging disease (SE US to Canada)
28
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Similar to coccidiodomycosis and blastomycosis
  • Chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes
  • Painful uncerated lesions in mouth
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (fungus)
  • inhalation
  • South Mexico and South Americ farmers
29
Q

Histoplasmosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Aka Ohio River Valley Disease
  • 95% Asymptomatic
  • granuloma on chest xray
  • 5% coughing bloody sputum and skin lesions
  • Histoplasma capsulatum (fungus)
  • Inhale spores in soil
  • MC fungal pathogen in humans
  • associated with bat and bird poop
30
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • inflammation, fever, anemia, hypoxia
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • formerly P. carinii
  • fugus, resembles protozoa more than fungi
  • inhalation of droplets
  • Common opportunistic infxn in AIDS pts, almost diagnostic
31
Q

Aspergillosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Usually just causes allergies
  • A term for several diseases
  • Aspergillus (fungus)
  • Inhilation of fungal spores
  • emerging disease

Micro Exam 3 (3 decks)

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