Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Strep Throat
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
Purulent abscesses (pus pockets) covering tonsils Strep pyogenes (bacteria +) Respiratory droplets
- MC cause of pharyngitis
- confused with viral pharyngitis
- Progress to Scarlet Fever -> rheumatic fever -> endocarditis; or glomerulonephritis
- MC children 5-15
Scarlet Fever
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
Strawberry red tongue
Strep pyogenes (bacteria +)
Respiratory droplets
AKA Scarletina
Diphtheria
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
Pseudomembrane Corynebacterium diphtheria (bacteria +) Respiratory droplets or skin contact
- characteristic palisade arrangement
- Schick test
- Treat with antitoxin and antibiotics. Immunization is effective.
Sinusitis
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
Pain and pressure of affected sinus
MC Moraxella catarrhalis (bacteria +)
Bacteria in the pharynx spread to the sinuses via the throat
- More common in adults
- Neti pots, avoid dairy, adjust
- also caused by strep pyogenes, haemophilus influenza b, and strep pneumoniae
Otitis Media
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- Pain in the ears
- Strept pneumoniae (bacteria +)
- Bacteria colonize in ear after cold or other respiratory infection
- More common in children
- neti pots, avoid dairy, adjust
- also caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, staph aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis
Upper Respiratory Diseases:
- Bacterial (5)
- Viral (1)
Bacterial:
- Strep throat
- Scarlet fever
- Diphtheria
- Sinusitis
- Otitis Media
Viral: Common cold
Common cold
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- MC caused by rhinovirus (RNA)
- 2nd mc coronavirus (RNA)
- Adenovirus (DNA) also common
Bacterial pneumonias are most serious and most frequent in __________
Adults
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-Rust colored sputum
-Consolidation
Bacterial replication causes damage to the lungs
-Strept pneumoniae (bacteria +) “The Pneumococcus”
-Inhalation of bacteria
-Typical pneumonia
-Diagnose on chest xray
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-Consolidation
(Bacterial replication causes damage to the lungs)
-Possibly asymptomatic
-Mycopasma pneumoniae (bacteria -no cell wall)
-Spread by nasal secretions
-AKA atypical pneumonia or “walking pneumonia”
Klebsiella Pneumonia
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-Necrotizing and severe form of pneumonia
-Pneumonia symptoms + think bloody sputum, consolidation
“Currant Jelly Sputum”
-Klebsiella pneumoniae (bacteria -)
-Opportunistic infection, immuno compromised at greatest risk
Other Bacterial pneumonias (4)
- Haemophilus influenzae b
- Staph aureus
- Yersinia pestis (pneumonic plague)
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Pneumonic plague caused by _______________
Yersinia pestis
Ornithosis
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- Flu-like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
- Chlamydophila psittaci (bacteria -)
- AKA Psittacosis
- Huffing poop and beak to mouth
-inhalation of aerosolized feces/respiratory secretions, ingested from fingers/vomited that have contacted infected birds, direct beak-to-mouth contact
Legionnaires’ Disease
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-Fever, chills, HA, cough, pneumonia
-Legionella pneumophila (bacteria -)
Also causes PONTIAC FEVER
(non fatal, like legionnaires but without pneumonia)
-Inhale bacteria in aerosols from water sources
-elderly, smokers, immunocompromised (basically veterans)
-Legion vets drive pontiacs and use humidifiers
Tuberculosis
- 3 types is symptomatic
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- Primary:
- tubercles (hard calcified nodules in lung)
- Ghon’s complex (tubercles + calcification of lymph node)
- Caseous necrosis (cheese-like lung tissue)
- Typically in children
- Secondary:
- Common in immuno suppressed
- Disseminated
- TB spread thought body
- “consumption” (wasting of body at multiple sites)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria acid-fast)
- Respiratory droplets
- Pott’s disease = TB of the spine
- TB is the leading killer of HIV+ people
- Re-emerging disease
- tuberculin skin test, chest xray
Pertussis
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-WHOOPING COUGH
-4 phases:
Incubation (no symptoms)
Catarrhal (Rhinorrhea, sneezing, malaise, fever)
Paroxysmal (Repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, exhaustion)
Convalescent (diminishing cough, possible 2ndary complications)
-Bordetella pertussis (bacteria -)
-inhalation highly contagious
-re-emerging disease, children
Epiglottitis
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- TRIPOD POSITION to breath
- Haemophilus influenza B (bacteria -)
- Direct contact, droplet inhalation
- Medical emergency, requires immediate medical help
Inhalational Anthrax
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- Flu/cold symptoms progress to shock and death
- Bacillus anthracis (gram +) ENDOSPORE FORMING
- inhalation of endospores
- not spread person to person
- Almost 100% mortality rate, 50% with treatment
- Rare in humans Category A bioterrorist threat
Influenza
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- Sudden fever, pharyngitis, cold-like
- Influenza virus (orthomyxovirus) Types A and B (RNA)
- inhalation or self innoculation
- Anti-viral meds must be administered within first 48 hrs
- Virus changes via antigenic drift or antigenic shift
Bronchitis
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-cold symptoms, low fever, wheezing
-90% caused by virus
rhinovirus, adenovirus, flu
-10% caused by bacteria
M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, B. pertussis
- person to person via direct and indirect contact
SARS
(severe acute respiratory syndrome)
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
-high fever, pneumonia
-coronavirus (RNA)
-Large droplets from upper resp. tract
-aka SARS virus
-no treatment, requires BSL3
biosafety level 3
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- “tight” wheezing cough
- Can be fatal. Bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing.
- Emergency treatment needed
- Bronchiolitis = fatal infxn
- RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) -pneumovirus
- fomites, hands, resp droplets
- MC childhood resp disease
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
- Symptoms
- Organisms
- Transmission
- Key Associations
- flu-like, widespread inflammation, often FATAL
- Hantavirus (RNA)
- Huffing mouse poop/pee
- BSL4
- emerging disease, no treatment
