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Micro Exam 3 > Digestive Diseases > Flashcards

Digestive Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Peptic Ulcers

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Helicobacter pylori (Bacteria -)
  • Fecal-oral transmission

Duodenal: Pain relieved by food
Gastric: Pain exacerbated by food

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2
Q

Cholera

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Bacterial Gastroenteritis
  • Rice-water stool
  • Vibrio cholerae (bacteria -)
  • only vibrio in freshwater. MC vibrio to infect humans
  • Fecal-oral (food/water)
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3
Q

Shigellosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Bacterial Gastroenteritis
-Aka Bacillary dysentery
-blood/pus/mucous poop
-4 species of shigella
S. Sonnei (2/3 US)
S. flexneri (1/3 US)
-produce shiga toxin
-fecal-oral on contaminated hands and food (COLD FOODS/SALADS)

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4
Q

Traveler’s Diarrhea

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Bacterial Gastroenteritis
-Watery diarrhea, N/V, cramps
- Escherichia coli 0157:H7
most prevalent e. coli
-Bacteria -
-Fecal-oral, undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice with poop
-E. coli usually causes GI infections, but GI infections are caused by other things more than e coli

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5
Q

Campylobacter Diarrhea

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Bloody frequent diarrhea
  • 10+/day for 7-10 days
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • MC cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US
  • contaminated milk, water, poultry MC
  • COOK YOUR TURKEY!
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6
Q

Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Bacterial Gastroenteritis
  • Sever cases devolop PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS (colon sloughs off, fatal) -life threatening peritonitis
  • Clostridium difficile (bacteria +)
  • common nosocomial infxn
  • extremely common opportunist after taking antimicrobials
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7
Q

Salmonellosis: acute bacterial gastroenteritis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Salmonella food poisoning
  • Nonbloody diarrhea, N/V, fever
  • Salmonella enterica
    • Enteritidis and Typhimurium
  • Contaminated eggs, poultry, unpasteurized milk
  • Aka “salmonella poisoning”
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8
Q

Salmonellosis: Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Bacterial gastroenteritis
  • Flu symptoms
  • bacteremia can lead to peritonitis
  • Salmonella enterica
    • typhi, paratyphi
  • Contaminated food or water
  • Typhoid Mary (carrier)
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9
Q

Gastroenteritis is primarily caused by

A. Bacteria
B. Virus

A

VIRAL!! Norovirus big time

~5% bacterial (C. jejuni, C. difficile, E. coli, Salmonella, shigella)

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10
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • N/V, diarrhea, cramps
  • Staph aureus (bacteria)
  • contaminated food
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11
Q

Clostridial Food poisoning

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • cramps, watery diarrhea, NO FEVER NOR N/V
  • Clostridium perfringens (bacteria +)
  • contaminated meat
  • benign, <24hrs
  • reheat, refrigerate please
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12
Q

Yersinia Food poisoning

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Inflammation of intestinal tract
  • diarrhea, fever (weeks-months)
  • can mimic appendicitis
  • yersinia enterocolitica (bacteria -)
  • contaminated PORK, milk, water, tofu
  • Likes to infect kids
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13
Q

Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Aka FRIED RICE SYNDROME
  • Bacillus cereus (bacteria+)
  • mild food poisoning
  • rice cooked and held
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14
Q

Oral herpes

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • HHV-1 (sometimes HHV-2)
  • close contact with active lesions
  • latent in trigeminal gang.
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15
Q

Mumps

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

-Painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands (parotitis)
-testicular swelling (orchitis)
sterility
-mumps virus (rubulavirus)
-Respiratory secretions
-Vaccine has almost eradicated

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16
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

All 3 by fecal-oral

  • Norovirus (calicivirus)
    • especially in oysters
    • 90% of viral gastroenteritis
    • # 1 cause of foodmorne illness in the US
    • emerging
  • Astrovirus
    • No vomiting
  • Rotavirus
    • MC cause of infant gastroenteritis
17
Q

Viral Hepatits

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, anorexia’
  • immune response damages liver
  • Hep A, B, C, Delta, E
18
Q

Hepatits A

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • infectious hepatits
  • fomites, survives household disinfectants
  • self limiting usually
  • Hep A virus (HAV)
19
Q

Hepatits B

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Most asymptomatic or mild
  • associated with liver cancer
  • Hep B virus (HBV)
  • needles, sex, childbirth
  • Hep B + D increases risk of permanent liver damage
20
Q

Hepatitis C

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Chronic infection with few if any symptoms
  • Liver damage over time
  • Hep C virus (HCV)
  • needles, organ transplant, sex
  • Most Non A or B Hep in the world
21
Q

Hepatitis D

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Hep D virus (HDV)
  • requires HBV to be virulent
    • else D can’t attach to liver cells
    • “Satellite virus”
  • plays a role intriggering liver cancer
  • body fluids: sex, needles
22
Q

Hepatits E

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • aka Enteric Hepatits
  • Fatal in 20% of prego women
  • no treatment
  • fecal-oral
  • Hep E virus (HEV)
  • found in seafood, pigs, cows, unclean water
23
Q

Giardiasis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • “Rotten Egg” smelling pooh
  • AKA Beaver Fever
  • Giardia intestinalis (prev known as G. lamblia)
  • Protozoa
  • Ingesting cysts in contaminated water or swimming
  • Common waterborne GI disease in US
  • Hikers and their pets at risk
24
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • AKA cryptosporidium enteritis
  • cryptosporidium parvum
  • Protozoa
  • Severe diarrhea up tp 2 weeks!, fluid and weight loss
  • contaminated water, fecal oral
  • day-cares
25
Q

Amebiasis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  1. Luminal amebiasis (asymptomatic)
    - 90% of cases
  2. Invasive amebic dysentery
    - severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis
  3. Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis
    - necrotic lesions in liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, brain

Entamoeba histolytica (protozoa)

food/water fecal oral
ass to mouth sex

26
Q

Cyclosporiasis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Cramps, watery diarrhea, fever, more severe in AIDS pts
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis (protozoa)
  • ingest oocystes in food/drink
  • Outbreaks linked to RASBERRIES from central/south america
  • emerging disease
27
Q

Tapeworms (4)

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A

Helminthic infxn

Diagnosed by presence of proglottids in poop sample. most cases asymptomatic, weight loss

  • Taenia saginata (beef)
  • Taenia solium (pork)

“Diphyllobothriasis”

  • Diphyllobothrium latum
    • broad or fish tapeworm
    • 80% asymptomatic
    • possible megaloblastic anemia

Canine tapeworm

  • Echinococcus granulosus
  • Hydatid cysts form in organ (primarily liver)
  • dog feces
28
Q

Ascariasis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Most asymptomatic
  • May be fatal (intestinal obstruction)
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
    • largest nematode to infect humans, also MC worldwide
  • eggs ingested in water or on veggies
29
Q

Hookworm

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Ground itch at site of larvae penetration (larvae penetrate skin, usually foot)
  • causes chronic anemia, iron and protein deficiencies
  • 2 worms
    • Necator americanus
    • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • 2nd MC nematode affecting humans worldwise
30
Q

Pinworm

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • PERIANAL ITCHING (esp at night)
  • enterobius vermicularis
  • MC parasitic worm infestation in the US
  • spread on bedding and via contact after scratching
31
Q

Dracunculiasis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • Aka Guinea worm disease
  • wind around a stick
  • after a year it forms a blister on the foot and pokes its head out
  • dracunculus medinensis
  • water contaminated with infected copepods
32
Q

Trichinosis

  • Symptoms
  • Organisms
  • Transmission
  • Key Associations
A
  • AKA Trichinellosis
  • Mild cases are asymptomatic
  • Diarrhea, cramps, MUSCLEPAIN AND WEAKNESS, facial welling around eye
  • Trichinella spiralis
  • Helminth
  • eating undercooked pork containing cysts
  • NOT common in US

Micro Exam 3 (3 decks)

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