Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology * > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis

A

Faulty gene mutation which means cells in human body are unable to move salt and water around effectively. Results in build-up of mucus in lungs and digestive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Poor lung function, frequent lung infections, inability to digest foods (fats) and may cause diabetes, bone disease and infertility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosing cystic fibrosis

A

Sweat test (see salt content) and genetic blood/saliva test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treating cystic fibrosis

A

-ABX to prevent and treat infections
-Medications to manage mucus- reduce levels and make easier to cough up
-Broncodilators to widen airways
-Exercises
-Chest clearing techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cystic fibrosis nursing interventions

A

-Manage pulmonary symptoms
-Palliative care
-Malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies
-Hospitalizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchitis (COPD)

A

Airways are inflamed and narrowed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emphysema (COPD)

A

Affects the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. They break down=lungs become baggy and bigger holes which trap air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is COPD and name 2 types

A

Airways are narrowed= harder to breathe out and air gets trapped in chest
Bronchitis & Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are airways narrowed with COPD?

A

-Lung tissue damaged so less pull on airways
-Mucus blocking airways
-Airway lining inflamed and swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk factors COPD

A

Breathing in harmful substances, smoking, air pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of COPD

A

-Short of breath during everyday tasks
-Cough that last long time
-Wheezing cold weather
-More sputum or phlegm than usual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnosing COPD

A

-Listen to chest
-Spirometer
-Chest x-ray
-Blood test (rule out other things e.g. anemia
-Test phlegm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for COPD

A

-Short term bronchodilator inhalers
-Long term brochodilators
-Steroid inhalers (used in combo with LT broncho
-Pulmonary rehab
-Oxygen therapy
-Flu and pneumonia vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nursing intervention COPD

A

-Oxygen therapy
-Patient education
-Exercise tolerance
-Annual reviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathophysiology Asthma

A

-Muscles around walls of airway tighten so airways become narrower
-Lining of airways become inflamed and begins to swell
-Sticky mucus or phlegm can build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

-Recurrent cough with a wheeze
-Shortness of breath (often worse at night & early morning)
-Tight chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs of severe asthma attack

A

-Normal symptoms being severe
-Tachycardia
-Confusion/dizziness
-Hypoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Risk factors asthma

A

Genetic, exposure to tobacco as child, mother smoking in pregnancy

19
Q

Diagnosing asthma

A

-FeNO test- breath into machine which measures level of nitric oxide which is sign of inflammation in lungs
-Spirometry- measures how fast you can breathe out and how much air hold in lungs
-Peak flow test- Measures how much you can breathe out

20
Q

Reliever inhalers

A

Blue
For when symptoms occur
Contains Bronchodilator
Relaxes muscles which opn airways

21
Q

Preventer inhalers

A

Can be used everyday
Contain steroids which reduce inflammation and sensitivity of airways

22
Q

Combination inhaler

A

Used if other inhalers not effectively controlling symptoms. Can be used everyday

23
Q

Asthma treatment

A

-Reliever inhaler
-Preventer inhaler
-Combo inhaler
-LTRAs- Block receptors which narrow airways
-Steroid tablets

24
Q

Asthma nursing intervention

A

-Assessment
-Meds
-Education
-Action plan
-Social support

25
Q

Active TB

A

When immune system cannot keep TB germs from multiplying and growing in body.

26
Q

Tuberculosis pathophysiology

A

Disease caused by bacterium tuberculosis. Destroys lung tissue which is coughed up.

27
Q

Latent TB

A

TB in body but no symptoms

28
Q

Symptoms of TB

A

-Cough that lasts more than 3 weeks
-Blood in phlegm
-Fatigue
-High temp
-Weight loss

29
Q

Risk factors TB

A

-Babies in areas TB common
-Healthcare workers

30
Q

Diagnosing TB

A

-Xray, ultrasoud, echocardiogram or CT
-Mucas sample
-Biopsy

31
Q

Treatment for TB

A

Latent: ABX 3-6 months
Active TB: ABX 6-12

32
Q

Pneumonia pathophysiology

A

Type of chest infection which affects alveoli in lungs. They become inflamed and filled with fluid, making it hard to breath.

33
Q

5 types of pneumonia

A
  1. Community acquired
  2. Hospital acquired
  3. Viral
  4. Aspiration
  5. Fungal
34
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

-Coughing yellow/green mucas
-High temp
-Difficulty breathing
-Tachy
-Low BP

35
Q

Risk factors pneumonia

A

-Smoking
-Weak immune system
-Recent surgery
-Medical conditions

36
Q

Diagnosing pneumonia

A

-History
-Chest x-ray
-Bloods
-SP02
-Sputum test

37
Q

Treatment for pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin usually given and clears up
In hospital setting IV fluids and oxygen support may be given

38
Q

Nursing intervention pneumonia

A

-Encouraging breathing technique
-Blood work
-Encourage nutrition

39
Q

Pathophysiology Covid-19

A

Virus irritates airways which then lead to cough and fever to develop. Can develop pneumonia. Can affect other systems too.

40
Q

Why might it be harmful to given oxygen therapy to COPD patient?

A

Supplemental O2 removes a COPD patient’s hypoxic (low level of oxygen) respiratory drive causing hypoventilation which causes higher carbon dioxide levels, apnea (pauses in breathing), and ultimately respiratory failure.

41
Q

Arterial blood gas

A

A blood gas test is used to check the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood, and the balance of acid and alkali in your blood (the pH balance).

42
Q

What could a PH imbalance found in arterial blood gas mean?

A

It can mean your body isn’t able to get rid carbon dioxide efficiently. This may happen because your lungs aren’t working well or your kidneys can’t get rid of the acid. A normal result is between 7.35 and 7.45.
Could point to Pneumonia OR COPD

43
Q
A
44
Q
A

Pathophysiology * (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions