Respiratory conditions and differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

On inspection what are we looking for?

A

Clubbing (possible chronic hypoxia),
cynosis
, tracheal deviation,
tar staining (chronic smoking),
tremours
any chest deformioties (concave, barrel chest).
Is there any accessory muscle use?

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2
Q

What do you do on palpation?

A

Is there equal chest expansion?
Is there any pain?

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3
Q

On percussion what are we listening for?

A

Dullness indicates fluid
hyperesonance indicates air trapping

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4
Q

Define a pneumothorax

A

Rerfers to the air in the pleural cavity.
Breaks the fluid bond between the pleure and allows the elastic fibres to recoil resulting in a collapsed lung.

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5
Q

What is the IPPA for a pneumothorax?

A

I - Consider assymetrical movement of the chest
P - Pain may be present on the affected side, dependant on the severity may only be one side chest movement, tracheal devaition?
P - hyperresonance may be present on the affected side
A - Reduced air entry or silent dependant

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6
Q

What is the management for a pneumothorax?

A

Simple - Manage ABCs, Oxygen if needed, Pain relief, transport
Tension - Manage ABCs, apply oxygen, needle decompress, pain relief, convey to ED and PRE ALERT

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7
Q

What is the management for Asthma?

A

Salbutamol
Iprotropium Bromide
Hydrocortisone/ prednisolone
Adrenaline 1 in 1000 IM

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8
Q

What questions can we ask in regards to breathing with asthma?

A

Has the breathing woke you up overnight?

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9
Q

What receptors does salbutamol target

A

Beta 2 receptors

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10
Q

What are the different sputum colours?

A

Clear - indicates COPD
Yellow - indicates acute LRTI or asthma
Green - Current infection, acute disease or exacerbation of copd
Red/brown - Blood

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11
Q

What is the assessment and considerations for a PE

A

If the patient is on any oral contraception there is an increased risk of a PE.
If the patient has any calf pain, swelling or redness
If the patient has any ECG changes - T wave inversion, new right axis deviation and/ or RBBB
If the breathlessness was instant
WELLS score

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12
Q

What are the common symptoms with croup

A

General onset
Runny nose
Barking cough
Fever
Sore throat

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13
Q

What is the medication we can give for croup

A

Dexamethasone

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14
Q

What is finger clubbing due to?

A

The overgrowth of soft tissue in the terminal phalanx which increases the lateral and longitudinal curvature of the nail

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15
Q

If finger clubbing is present what could this be a sign of?

A

In adult patients this should prompt consideration of lung cancer or pulmonary fibrosis.

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16
Q

What is pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred. This thickened, stiff tissue makes it harder for the lungs to work properly.

17
Q

What is a common cause of asterix?

A

Respiratory failure with carbon diaxide retention is one of the causes of a coarse tremour of the outstretched hands.

18
Q

Why is it important to check JVP after the eyes?

A

JVP is raised in many patients with pulmonary hypertension and can be raised in those with a tension pneumothorax or a large PE.

19
Q

What does tracheal deviation away from the affected side indicate?

A

A tension pneumothorax

20
Q

What does chronic tracheal deviation towards the affected side indicate?

A

Occurs with the loss of lung volume in the upper lobe